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What best describes the concept of social justice in health care?
- A. Ensuring that all individuals have access to the same health care services
- B. Providing the same level of care to everyone, regardless of their background
- C. Addressing the underlying social determinants that contribute to health disparities
- D. Offering free health services to underserved populations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Social justice in health care focuses on addressing the root causes of health disparities.
Step 2: By addressing social determinants like poverty, education, and housing, health equity can be achieved.
Step 3: This approach aims to create fair opportunities for everyone to attain good health outcomes.
Step 4: Choices A and B do not address the underlying social factors contributing to disparities.
Step 5: Choice D, offering free services, may not address the systemic issues that lead to inequities.
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Which action is an example of primary prevention in community health?
- A. Administering immunizations
- B. Providing treatment for diseases
- C. Educating about the importance of healthy lifestyles
- D. Conducting health screenings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease before it occurs. Administering immunizations is a direct way to prevent the onset of infectious diseases, making it a clear example of primary prevention. Immunizations boost immunity and reduce the risk of contracting specific diseases. Providing treatment for diseases (choice B) occurs after the disease has already developed, making it a secondary prevention strategy. Educating about healthy lifestyles (choice C) and conducting health screenings (choice D) are important but fall under health promotion and early detection (secondary prevention) rather than primary prevention.
Which best describes a community health assessment?
- A. A comprehensive evaluation of the health needs of a community
- B. An analysis of the effectiveness of health interventions
- C. A survey of individual health behaviors and outcomes
- D. A review of health care resources available in a community
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: A community health assessment involves evaluating the overall health needs of a community, including social determinants and health disparities.
Step 2: It considers factors such as demographics, health behaviors, access to care, and environmental health.
Step 3: By conducting a comprehensive assessment, public health officials can identify priorities for intervention and allocate resources effectively.
Step 4: Option A aligns with the process of assessing community health comprehensively.
Summary: Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on specific aspects (interventions, individual behaviors, and health care resources) rather than the holistic evaluation of a community's health needs.
Which of the following is an indication for tracheostomy?
- A. Drainage of pleural effusion
- B. Hemorrhage
- C. Infections
- D. Acute respiratory failure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acute respiratory failure. Tracheostomy is indicated in cases of severe respiratory compromise when the upper airway is obstructed or when long-term mechanical ventilation is needed. It ensures a patent airway and facilitates weaning from a ventilator. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as drainage of pleural effusion, hemorrhage, and infections do not typically require a tracheostomy for management.
What is the most influential factor in determining health outcomes?
- A. Genetic predisposition to diseases
- B. Socioeconomic status
- C. Access to health care services
- D. Lifestyle choices
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status encompasses various factors such as income, education, and occupation, which significantly impact access to resources like nutritious food, safe housing, and quality healthcare. Individuals with higher socioeconomic status tend to have better health outcomes due to better access to preventive care, healthier living conditions, and the ability to afford necessary treatments. This influence on health outcomes is more pronounced than genetic predisposition, access to healthcare services, and lifestyle choices, as socioeconomic disparities play a crucial role in determining overall health and well-being.
What is a key objective of community health nursing?
- A. Providing curative services to the community
- B. Improving the quality of life for individuals and families
- C. Promoting health and preventing disease
- D. Conducting research to find new treatments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because community health nursing focuses on improving the quality of life for individuals and families through health promotion and disease prevention. This encompasses a holistic approach that considers social determinants of health and empowers communities to make informed decisions. Providing curative services (A) is not the primary focus of community health nursing, as it aims to prevent illness before it occurs. Conducting research (D) is important but not a key objective of direct community health nursing practice. While promoting health and preventing disease (C) is a key objective, improving the quality of life (B) captures the overarching goal of community health nursing more comprehensively.