Nokea
What causes the changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty?
- A. Prolactin
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Estrogen
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During puberty, boys experience physical changes such as growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle development. These changes are primarily driven by the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is testosterone. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because prolactin, adrenaline, and estrogen do not play a significant role in the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
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What is an organelle that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum?
- A. Acrosome
- B. Zona pellucida
- C. Megalis
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Acrosome. The acrosome is an organelle located at the head of a sperm cell and contains enzymes that aid in the penetration of the ovum during fertilization. The Zona pellucida is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the ovum, not an organelle. Megalis is not a relevant organelle in this context. Therefore, the correct choice is A, Acrosome.
To minimize unsafe abortions, IRH has strengthened:
- A. The termination of pregnancy act
- B. The post-abortion care and counseling services
- C. The gender and violence unit of the police services
- D. The empowerment of all women who want to abort
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-abortion care and counseling services are crucial in reducing unsafe abortions by providing support, medical care, and guidance to individuals who have undergone abortions, ensuring their physical and emotional well-being. Strengthening the termination of pregnancy act (Choice A) might focus more on the legal aspects rather than the healthcare services needed post-abortion. The gender and violence unit of the police services (Choice C) is important for addressing gender-based violence but not directly related to reducing unsafe abortions. Empowering all women who want to abort (Choice D) is a broad concept that may not specifically address the need for comprehensive post-abortion care and counseling services.
The Gravindex test is used to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in:
- A. Urine or whole blood
- B. Amniotic fluid
- C. Saliva
- D. Cervical mucus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urine or whole blood. The Gravindex test is designed to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in urine or whole blood samples. HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy, and its presence in urine or blood can indicate pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the Gravindex test is not intended to detect HCG in amniotic fluid, saliva, or cervical mucus. These bodily fluids are not typically used for pregnancy testing purposes.
Amniocentesis, a prenatal diagnostic test used to determine fetal sex, genetic anomalies, and biochemical abnormalities, is based on:
- A. The karyotyping of the amniotic fluid
- B. Chorionic villus sampling
- C. Umbilical cord blood sampling
- D. Ultrasound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Amniocentesis involves the analysis of the fetal cells present in the amniotic fluid, which is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding the developing fetus. This fluid contains cells shed by the fetus, which can be cultured and analyzed to obtain a karyotype, providing information about the fetal sex, genetic anomalies, and biochemical abnormalities. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because chorionic villus sampling involves obtaining a sample of the chorionic villi from the placenta, not the amniotic fluid; umbilical cord blood sampling is typically used for other purposes like assessing the baby's blood for infections or genetic disorders; and ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique that does not involve the analysis of fetal cells for genetic information.
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) is best for:
- A. Clients who do not wish to have any more children
- B. Clients with a baby less than 6 months postpartum
- C. Clients who want to wait before having a first or another child
- D. Clients with several sexual partners
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clients with a baby less than 6 months postpartum. Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) is a highly effective temporary family planning method that is recommended for women who have recently given birth and are breastfeeding. LAM works best when the baby is less than 6 months old, the mother is exclusively breastfeeding, and her menstrual periods have not resumed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because LAM is specifically designed for postpartum women with infants less than 6 months old, focusing on the lactational infertility that occurs during exclusive breastfeeding.