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What condition can result from a long, difficult labor and is characterized by a localized, soft area on the newborn's head?
- A. caput succedaneum
- B. molding
- C. depressed fontanelles
- D. cephalohematoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: caput succedaneum. This condition occurs due to pressure on the baby's head during a long and difficult labor. It is characterized by a soft, localized swelling on the newborn's head. The other choices are incorrect. B: molding refers to the shaping of the baby's head during passage through the birth canal. C: depressed fontanelles indicate dehydration or malnutrition. D: cephalohematoma is a collection of blood between the baby's skull and periosteum, usually due to birth trauma.
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An infant at term was born at 0105 hours. The nurse is developing a plan of care for the newborn. During which time range will the nurse plan on performing the assessment to determine a Ballard score?
- A. 0115 to 0130
- B. 0200 to 0600
- C. 1400 to 1800
- D. 2000 to 2300
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (0200 to 0600) because the Ballard score is typically assessed within the first 12-24 hours of life. Given that the infant was born at 0105 hours, the nurse should plan on performing the assessment between 0200 to 0600. This time frame falls within the recommended window for assessing the Ballard score accurately. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they fall outside the optimal time range for conducting the assessment. Option A (0115 to 0130) is too soon after birth, and options C (1400 to 1800) and D (2000 to 2300) are too late for the initial assessment as per standard practice.
The average newborn sleeps how many hours in a 24-hour period?
- A. 16–17 hours
- B. 10–15 hours
- C. 12–13 hours
- D. 8–12 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Newborns typically sleep 16–17 hours daily.
To prevent breast engorgement, what should the new breastfeeding mother be instructed to do?
- A. Feed her infant no more than every 4 hours.
- B. Limit her intake of fluids for the first few days.
- C. Apply cold packs to the breast prior to feeding.
- D. Breast-feed frequently and for adequate lengths of time.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because frequent and adequate breastfeeding helps prevent breast engorgement by ensuring proper milk flow and emptying of the breasts. This stimulates milk production and prevents blockages. Choice A is incorrect as spacing out feedings can lead to engorgement. Choice B is incorrect as hydration is important for milk production. Choice C is incorrect as cold packs can reduce milk flow and hinder breastfeeding. In summary, frequent and effective breastfeeding is crucial in preventing breast engorgement.
Upon discharge, parents of a newborn reveal their plans to take their newborn to the beach with them on a vacation when the newborn is 3 months old. Which statement by the nurse is the most appropriate?
- A. Newborns are encouraged to get at least 2 hours of sun each day for vitamin D synthesis.'
- B. You should make plans to leave your newborn with a relative or a babysitter while you are on vacation.'
- C. Sunscreen should be applied to your newborn every hour to prevent sunburn.'
- D. It is best to place your newborn in lightweight clothing and in the shade when outdoors.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because newborns have delicate skin that is highly susceptible to sunburn and heat-related issues. Placing the newborn in lightweight clothing and in the shade helps protect their sensitive skin from harmful UV rays. This approach minimizes the risk of sunburn and overheating.
A is incorrect because newborns should not be exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods. B is inappropriate as it is important for newborns to be with their parents for bonding and care. C is incorrect as sunscreen is not recommended for infants under 6 months of age due to potential skin irritation and absorption concerns.
What is a routine health provider visiting schedule for a newborn in their first year of life, beginning at 1 month of age?
- A. 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months of age
- B. 1 month to 12 months, visiting once each month
- C. 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months
- D. 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Routine visits occur at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months.