Nokea
What condition is characterized by a water hammer pulse?
- A. Aortic regurgitation
- B. Mitral valve stenosis
- C. Mitral regurgitation
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A water-hammer pulse is characteristic of aortic regurgitation due to the sudden increase in arterial pressure followed by rapid decline.
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Mrs. Payer's care plan during the acute phase following MI should include attention to such psychologic aspects as fear, stress, and hopefulness. Therapeutic goals from the time of admission must be geared to
- A. acceptance
- B. rehabilitation
- C. slowing down
- D. dependence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acceptance facilitates adaptation to illness.
What is a condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, often leading to heart failure?
- A. Cardiomyopathy
- B. Myocarditis
- C. Endocarditis
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy refers to a condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, leading to heart failure. This is because the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or stiff, affecting its ability to pump blood efficiently.
Incorrect choices:
B: Myocarditis - Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, not necessarily associated with weakening of the heart muscle leading to heart failure.
C: Endocarditis - Endocarditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not directly related to the weakening of the heart muscle.
D: Pericarditis - Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart), and does not directly involve the weakening of the heart muscle.
This is a test that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, often used to assess respiratory function.
- A. Pulse oximetry
- B. Spirometry
- C. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
- D. Lung function test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation levels in the blood by using a non-invasive method to determine the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen. This test is commonly used to assess respiratory function quickly and efficiently.
Summary of incorrect options:
B: Spirometry measures lung function by assessing airflow and volume.
C: ABG measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
D: Lung function test is a broad term that can include various tests, such as spirometry and imaging studies.
From where do these originate, behind the cusps of the aortic valve, in an area known as Valsalva's sinus?
- A. Pulmonary valve
- B. Aortic valve
- C. Tricuspid valve
- D. Mitral valve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B - Aortic valve. This is because Valsalva's sinus is located behind the cusps of the aortic valve. The sinuses of Valsalva are pouch-like dilations found at the root of the aorta, just above the aortic valve. These sinuses are important in preventing backflow of blood into the heart during diastole. The other choices, A, C, and D, are incorrect because they do not originate from Valsalva's sinus. The pulmonary valve is located in the pulmonary artery, the tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.
The nurse is administering enoxaparin (Lovenox) to a client. What is the most important lab value to monitor?
- A. Platelet count
- B. Hemoglobin
- C. White blood cell count
- D. aPTT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Platelet count. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant that works by preventing blood clots. Monitoring platelet count is crucial to assess for potential thrombocytopenia, a side effect of enoxaparin that can increase the risk of bleeding. Hemoglobin (B) and White blood cell count (C) are not directly affected by enoxaparin. aPTT (D) is not the most important lab value to monitor as enoxaparin does not directly affect this clotting parameter.