Nokea
What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?
- A. Pyelonephritis
- B. Tubular destruction
- C. Severe dehydration
- D. Upper tract obstruction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe dehydration is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, as it leads to prerenal azotemia, which can progress to renal failure if not corrected. Other causes like pyelonephritis and tubular destruction are less common and usually secondary to other conditions.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 14-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB). Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Cyanosis and dyspnea
- B. Productive cough and high fever
- C. Barking cough and inspiratory stridor
- D. Pale laryngeal and dyspnea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Barking cough and inspiratory stridor.' Classic signs of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) include a barking cough, often described as a seal-like cough, and inspiratory stridor, which is a high-pitched sound heard during inspiration. These symptoms occur due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical assessment findings of LTB. Cyanosis and dyspnea (Choice A) may occur in severe cases but are not specific to LTB. Productive cough and high fever (Choice B) are more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections. Pale laryngeal and dyspnea (Choice D) are not characteristic findings of LTB.
The nurse is teaching a child experiencing severe edema associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome about his diet. The nurse should discuss what dietary need?
- A. Consuming a regular diet
- B. Increasing protein
- C. Restricting fluids
- D. Decreasing calories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fluid restriction is often necessary to manage severe edema associated with MCNS. Increasing protein is not typically recommended due to the risk of exacerbating proteinuria, and calorie reduction is not generally needed.
A teen with asthma asks the nurse why it is hard to breathe during an asthma attack. The nurse explains that exposure to a "trigger" results in which of these manifestations?
- A. Bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production
- B. Air trapping and hypo-inflation of the alveoli
- C. Air trapping and decreased blood flow to the upper airway
- D. Bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and excess mucus production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Asthma triggers cause bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production, leading to difficulty breathing. This combination of manifestations results in narrowing of the airways, making it hard for the individual to breathe effectively. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because during an asthma attack, bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production do not occur. Instead, the airways constrict, become inflamed, and produce excess mucus, contributing to the breathing difficulties experienced by individuals with asthma.
According to Maslow's hierarchy, what is the most advanced need provided by the home environment?
- A. Love
- B. Self-actualization
- C. Esteem
- D. Physiological
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, self-actualization. Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, representing the realization of one's full potential. While love is an essential need, self-actualization builds upon the fulfillment of basic needs like safety and love. Esteem needs relate to feelings of accomplishment and recognition, which come before self-actualization. Physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter are the most basic needs at the bottom of the hierarchy.
When assessing a child with chronic renal failure, which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find?
- A. Uremic frost
- B. Hypotension
- C. Massive hematuria
- D. Severe metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a child with chronic renal failure, the nurse would expect to find uremic frost as a clinical manifestation. Uremic frost, a white powdery deposit of urea on the skin, occurs in severe cases of chronic renal failure due to the accumulation of urea and other waste products in the blood. Hypotension and massive hematuria are less common in chronic renal failure, while severe metabolic acidosis is typically mild to moderate and not a prominent clinical manifestation.