Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions

Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions Related

Review Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions related questions and content

What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient with irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth on the face?

  • A. endometriosis
  • B. hyperprolactinemia
  • C. polycystic ovary syndrome
  • D. hydrosalpinx
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth are common symptoms of PCOS. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Irregular menstrual cycles occur due to anovulation. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS. Abnormal hair growth, known as hirsutism, is a result of elevated levels of male hormones (androgens). Endometriosis (A) is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Hyperprolactinemia (B) is an excess of prolactin hormone, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and milk production. Hydrosalpinx (D) is the accumulation of fluid in a fallopian tube, causing infertility but not the symptoms described.

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The nurse is answering a phone call from a pregnant person. The pregnant person informs the nurse she has had several sharp pains in the right lower abdomen this week. What is the priority question the nurse should ask the pregnant person?

  • A. How many weeks pregnant are you?
  • B. How much water are you drinking every day?
  • C. When was your last bowel movement?
  • D. Are you lactose intolerant?
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: How many weeks pregnant are you? This is the priority question because sharp pains in the right lower abdomen could indicate an ectopic pregnancy or appendicitis, both of which are serious conditions requiring immediate medical attention. Knowing the gestational age will help the nurse determine the likelihood of these complications.

Choice B: How much water are you drinking every day? is not the priority question as it is unlikely to be related to the sharp pains in the right lower abdomen.

Choice C: When was your last bowel movement? is not the priority question as it is not directly related to the sharp pains in the right lower abdomen.

Choice D: Are you lactose intolerant? is not the priority question as it is not likely to be the cause of sharp pains in the right lower abdomen for a pregnant person.

With regard to the development of the respiratory system, maternity nurses should understand that:

  • A. The respiratory system does not begin developing until after the embryonic stage.
  • B. The infant's lungs are considered mature when the lecithin/sphingomyelin [L/S] ratio is 1:1, at about 32 weeks.
  • C. Maternal hypertension can reduce maternal-placental blood flow, accelerating lung maturity.
  • D. Fetal respiratory movements are not visible on ultrasound scans until at least 16 weeks.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A reduction in placental blood flow stresses the fetus, increases blood levels of corticosteroids, and accelerates lung maturity.

Fewer fetal movements than expected suggest possible:

  • A. Intrauterine fetal growth restriction.
  • B. Inaccurate gestational age dating.
  • C. Rapid intrauterine fetal maturation.
  • D. Reduced placental perfusion with fetal hypoxia.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Reduced placental perfusion or fetal hypoxia can lead to fewer fetal movements.

With regard to prenatal genetic testing, nurses should be aware that:

  • A. Maternal serum screening can determine whether a pregnant woman is at risk of carrying a fetus with Down syndrome.
  • B. Carrier screening tests look for gene mutations of people already showing symptoms of a disease.
  • C. Predisposition testing predicts with near certainty that symptoms will appear.
  • D. Presymptomatic testing is used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Maternal serum screening identifies the risk for the neural tube defect and the specific chromosome abnormality involved in Down syndrome.

An expectant mother, diagnosed with oligohydramnios, asks the nurse what this condition means for the baby. Which statement should the nurse provide for the patient?

  • A. Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development.
  • B. Oligohydramnios means that the fetus is excreting excessive urine
  • C. Oligohydramnios could mean that the fetus has a gastrointestinal blockage
  • D. Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development. Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can result in compression of the fetus leading to poor lung development. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and fetal growth restriction. Option B is incorrect as oligohydramnios actually indicates a decreased production of amniotic fluid, not excessive urine excretion by the fetus. Option C is incorrect as oligohydramnios is not directly related to gastrointestinal blockage in the fetus. Option D is incorrect as oligohydramnios is primarily associated with fetal lung and renal abnormalities, not central nervous system abnormalities.

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