Nokea
What deficits would the nurse expect in a right-handed person experiencing a stroke affecting the left side of the cortex?
- A. Expressive aphasia and paralysis on the right side of the body.
- B. Expressive aphasia and paralysis on the left side of the body. .
- C. Dysarthria and paralysis on the right side of the body.
- D. Mixed aphasia and paralysis on the right side of the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a right-handed individual experiencing a stroke that affects the left side of the cortex, the deficits are typically seen on the opposite side of the body due to the way the brain is wired. This phenomenon is known as contralateral organization. In this scenario, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.
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An adolescent asks the nurse what causes primary dysmenorrhea. The nurse's response should be based on which statement?
- A. It is an inherited problem.
- B. Excessive estrogen production causes uterine pain.
- C. There is no physiologic cause; it is a psychological reaction.
- D. There is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation that occurs without any underlying gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis. The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is related to the release of prostaglandins during menstruation. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that act as chemical messengers in the body, causing the uterus to contract and shed its lining during menstruation. High levels of prostaglandins can lead to increased uterine muscle contractions, resulting in pain. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the adolescent that there is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility as the cause of primary dysmenorrhea.
Wilma is using a portable suction unit at home, What is the amount of suction required by James using this unit?
- A. 2-5 mmHg
- B. 10-15 mmHg
- C. 5-10 mmHg
- D. 20-25 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The amount of suction typically required for routine suctioning for adults using a portable suction unit at home is 80-120 mmHg for an adult patient. However, for children or individuals with sensitive airways, the recommended amount of suction is lower, ranging from 2-5 mmHg. Since the question mentions that James is using the unit at home, it is safer to assume that a lower amount of suction (2-5 mmHg) would be appropriate for his needs.
On the third day after a partial thyroidectomy, a client exhibits muscle twitching and hyperirritability of the nervous system. When questioned, the client reports numbness and tingling of the mouth and fingertips. Suspecting a life- threatening electrolyte disturbance, the nurse notifies the surgeon immediately. Which electrolyte disturbance most commonly follows thyroid surgery?
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypocalcemia is the most common electrolyte disturbance that follows thyroid surgery, particularly after a partial thyroidectomy. This occurs due to inadvertent injury or removal of the parathyroid glands, which are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. The symptoms of hypocalcemia, such as muscle twitching, hyperirritability of the nervous system, numbness, and tingling, align with the client's presentation in this scenario. Prompt recognition and treatment of hypocalcemia are crucial to prevent life-threatening complications like tetany or seizures. Therefore, the nurse's decision to notify the surgeon immediately is appropriate to address this electrolyte imbalance.
Parents report that they have been giving a multivitamin to their 1-year-old infant. The nurse counsels the parents that which vitamin can cause a toxic reaction at a low dose?
- A. Niacin
- B. B
- C. D
- D. C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be toxic in high doses, leading to hypercalcemia. Infants are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D toxicity because they have a lower ability to excrete excess vitamin D. Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity include nausea, vomiting, weakness, and kidney problems. Therefore, it is important for parents to avoid giving high doses of vitamin D to infants and always follow healthcare provider recommendations for supplementation.
A patient is hemorrhaging from multiple trauma sites. The nurse expects that compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause all of the following symptoms except:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Oliguria
- D. Tachypnea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient experiencing hemorrhage from multiple trauma sites leading to hypovolemia, compensatory mechanisms typically include an increase in heart rate (tachycardia), a decrease in urine output (oliguria), and an increase in respiratory rate (tachypnea). These mechanisms are the body's way of trying to maintain vital organ perfusion in the setting of decreased blood volume. However, hypertension is not typically seen in the setting of hypovolemia. In fact, blood pressure tends to decrease as a result of reduced circulating volume.