Nokea
What defines the period of a wave?
- A. The time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point
- B. The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs
- C. The number of waves passing a point per unit time
- D. The maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The period of a wave is defined as the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point. It is a crucial parameter in wave analysis and is typically measured in seconds. The period is directly related to the frequency of the wave, as they are reciprocals of each other. Therefore, the correct answer is the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point (choice A). The period is not related to the number of waves passing a point per unit time (choice C), the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs (choice B), or the maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave (choice D).
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Which structure allows for the selective passage of materials into and out of the cell?
- A. DNA
- B. Protein
- C. Carbohydrate
- D. Phospholipid bilayer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer is a crucial component of the cell membrane, surrounding the cell and regulating the passage of materials into and out of the cell. Its structure enables it to be selectively permeable, controlling which substances can pass through. DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates are essential molecules in the cell but do not directly govern the passage of materials like the phospholipid bilayer does. Therefore, the correct answer is the phospholipid bilayer.
Which of the following is the antiparticle of a neutron?
- A. Antineutrino
- B. Positron
- C. Antiproton
- D. Electron
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The antiparticle of a neutron is an antineutron, which is composed of an antiproton and an antineutrino. The antineutrino (choice A) is not the antiparticle of a neutron. A positron (choice B) is the antiparticle of an electron, not a neutron. An electron (choice D) is a fundamental particle, not an antiparticle. Therefore, the correct answer is an antiproton (choice C), as it forms an antineutron when combined with an antineutrino.
Why does a prism separate white light into its constituent spectral components?
- A. It absorbs certain colors
- B. Different colors experience varying speeds within the prism
- C. It bends all colors with the same magnitude
- D. It reflects specific colors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A prism separates white light into its constituent spectral components because different colors experience varying speeds within the prism due to their different wavelengths. This causes the light to refract at different angles, resulting in the separation of colors. When light enters the prism, it undergoes dispersion, where different colors are refracted at different angles due to their unique wavelengths. This phenomenon is known as chromatic dispersion. Choice A is incorrect because a prism does not absorb colors but refracts and disperses them. Choice C is incorrect because a prism refracts different colors at different angles, not with the same magnitude. Choice D is incorrect because a prism does not reflect colors but refracts and disperses them based on their wavelengths.
What are glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts called?
- A. Exocrine glands
- B. Endocrine glands
- C. Apocrine glands
- D. Merocrine glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts. This allows the hormones to be distributed throughout the body to target organs or tissues. Exocrine glands, on the contrary, release their secretions through ducts to the external environment or onto a surface, such as sweat glands. Apocrine and merocrine glands are both types of exocrine glands that release their secretions through different mechanisms. Apocrine glands release their secretions along with portions of the cell itself, while merocrine glands release their secretions through exocytosis without loss of cellular material.
Which of the following is NOT a state of matter?
- A. Solid
- B. Liquid
- C. Gas
- D. Superfluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Superfluid.' Superfluid is not considered a traditional state of matter. It is a unique phase of matter that displays zero viscosity and flows without losing kinetic energy. Solids, liquids, and gases are the three classical states of matter distinguished by their physical properties and structures. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are considered states of matter, while choice D, superfluid, is not.