Nokea
What diagnostic test allows visualization of renal parenchyma and renal pelvis without exposure to external-beam radiation or radioactive isotopes?
- A. Renal ultrasonography
- B. Computed tomography
- C. Intravenous pyelography
- D. Voiding cystourethrography
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal ultrasonography provides imaging of the renal parenchyma and pelvis without the risks associated with radiation or radioactive isotopes, making it a safer option, especially for children.
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What is an important consideration in understanding the reactions of parents when their infant is born with physical defects?
- A. Grief lasts until the defects are repaired.
- B. Denial is a common adaptive reaction.
- C. The psychologic reaction is similar to that with the death of an infant.
- D. Reactions of health professionals to the birth of an infant can affect parents' reactions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a parent's infant is born with physical defects, understanding the psychological reactions is crucial. The reaction is often similar to the grief experienced when facing the death of a child. Parents need to grieve for the loss of the expected child and adapt to the needs of a child with physical defects. The grief process typically involves stages like shock, frustration, and anger, which can last for years. Denial during the shock phase is not maladaptive but can help parents cope initially. Additionally, parents are sensitive to the behavior of health professionals, whose interactions can significantly influence the parents' reactions to the infant. Therefore, recognizing the similarity of the psychological reaction to grief is an important consideration in understanding how parents cope with their infant's physical defects.
What is the most appropriate nursing action when intermittently gavage feeding a preterm infant?
- A. Allow formula to flow by gravity
- B. Avoid allowing the infant to suck on the tube
- C. Insert the tube through the nares instead of the mouth
- D. Apply gentle pressure to the syringe to deliver the formula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action when intermittently gavage feeding a preterm infant is to allow the formula to flow by gravity. This method helps prevent overfeeding and aspiration, which can occur if the formula is delivered too quickly under pressure. Choice B is incorrect as sucking on the tube can cause complications. Choice C is incorrect as the tube is typically inserted through the mouth. Choice D is incorrect as steady pressure can lead to rapid delivery of the formula, increasing the risk of complications.
The mother of a child with cognitive impairment calls the nurse because her son has been gagging and drooling all morning. The nurse suspects foreign body ingestion. What physiologic occurrence is most likely responsible for the presenting signs?
- A. Gastrointestinal perforation may have occurred.
- B. The object may have been aspirated.
- C. The object may be lodged in the esophagus.
- D. The object may be embedded in the stomach wall.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms of gagging and drooling suggest that the foreign object is likely lodged in the esophagus. This can cause significant discomfort and potential complications, requiring immediate medical evaluation.
What statement is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared with hemodialysis?
- A. Protein loss is less extensive.
- B. Dietary limitations are not necessary.
- C. It is easy to learn and safe to perform.
- D. It is needed less frequently than hemodialysis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peritoneal dialysis is generally easier to learn and can be safely performed at home. Although dietary limitations still apply, this method offers greater flexibility in treatment scheduling compared to hemodialysis, which often requires multiple weekly visits to a dialysis center.
What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) who has scrotal edema?
- A. Place an ice pack on the scrotal area.
- B. Place the child in an upright sitting position.
- C. Elevate the scrotum with a rolled washcloth.
- D. Place a warm moist pack to the scrotal area.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the scrotum with a rolled washcloth helps reduce edema by promoting fluid drainage. Ice packs are not recommended due to the risk of frostbite, and warm moist packs are not typically used for this purpose. An upright position does not specifically address the edema.