Nokea
What diet should be implemented for a client who is in the early stages of cirrhosis?
- A. High-calorie, high-carbohydrate.
- B. High-protein, low-fat.
- C. Low-fat, low-protein.
- D. High-carbohydrate, low-sodium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A high-calorie, high-carbohydrate diet (A) supports energy needs in early cirrhosis. High-protein (B) may worsen encephalopathy. Low-fat, low-protein (C) is too restrictive. Low-sodium (D) is relevant for ascites, not early cirrhosis.
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When giving discharge instructions to the client with vasospastic disorder (Raynaud's phenomenon), the nurse should explain that the expected outcome is a total of the symptoms by:
- A. Decreasing the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the tissues in the hands and feet
- B. Decreasing the pain by producing analgesia
- C. Increasing the blood supply to the affected area
- D. Increasing monoamine oxidase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The expected outcome in Raynaud's is increased blood supply to the affected areas by reducing vasospasm, alleviating symptoms like numbness and pallor. Sympathetic nervous system influence, analgesia, and monoamine oxidase are not directly targeted.
The nurse is teaching the family of a client with dysphagia about decreasing the risk of aspiration while eating. Which of the following strategies is not appropriate?
- A. Maintaining an upright position.
- B. Restricting the diet to liquids until swallowing improves.
- C. Introducing foods on the unaffected side of the mouth.
- D. Keeping distractions to a minimum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Restricting the diet to liquids increases aspiration risk, as liquids are harder to control. Upright positioning, using the unaffected side, and minimizing distractions reduce aspiration risk.
The nurse is teaching a client about risk factors associated with atherosclerosis and how to reduce the risk. Which of the following is a risk factor that the client is not able to modify?
- A. Diabetes
- B. Age
- C. Exercise level
- D. Dietary preferences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis, as the risk increases with advancing age due to cumulative vascular changes. Diabetes, exercise level, and dietary preferences can be managed or modified to reduce risk, making age the correct answer.
Which of the following medications should be available to provide emergency treatment if a client develops tetany after a subtotal thyroidectomy?
- A. Sodium phosphate.
- B. Calcium gluconate.
- C. Echothiophate iodide.
- D. Sodium bicarbonate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium gluconate is used to treat tetany by correcting hypocalcemia, which causes muscle spasms and tingling.
An African-American woman had experienced severe palpitations, weakness, and shortness of breath after taking bacitracin (Bactrim). As a part of the discharge planning, the nurse should evaluate the client's knowledge about:
- A. Increased folic acid needs.
- B. Congenital enzyme deficiency.
- C. Restricted activity in hot weather.
- D. Need for blood transfusions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) can cause hemolytic anemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a congenital enzyme deficiency common in African-American populations. The nurse should assess the client's understanding of G6PD deficiency and how to avoid triggers like certain medications. Folic acid, activity restrictions, and transfusions are not directly related.