Nokea
What diet would be most appropriate for Mr. Puff on discharge?
- A. Low-calorie, low-sodium
- B. Regular, with increase in milk and milk products
- C. Regular, with increase in onions, peas, cabbage
- D. Soft, with small frequent feedings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Small, frequent meals prevent overeating and reduce respiratory workload.
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What volume of fluid loss causes marked deterioration in hypovolemic shock?
- A. 30% to 40% (1500 mL to 2000 mL)
- B. 15% to 30% (750 mL to 1500 mL)
- C. 10% to 15% (500 mL to 750 mL)
- D. More than 40% (more than 2000 mL)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loss of 15% to 30% of blood volume significantly impairs circulation and tissue perfusion.
Give an example of a sensitive way to ask a patient each of the following questions.
- A. Is the patient on antihypertensive medication having a side effect of impotence?
- B. Has the patient with a history of alcoholism had recent alcohol intake?
- C. Who are the sexual contacts of a patient with gonorrhea?
- D. Does the patient skip taking medications because they cost too much?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: N/A
Cognitive changes include memory problems, confusion, and disorientation. These changes:
- A. Occur in 75% of patients over age 65
- B. Are not a normal part of aging
- C. Are due to enhanced cerebral blood flow
- D. Cause senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive decline is not a normal part of aging; it may indicate underlying conditions such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Normal aging involves mild forgetfulness but not significant impairment.
When developing a teaching plan for a patient, what should the nurse recognize?
- A. Frustration will enhance the patient’s desire to learn
- B. Only formal teaching plans have been found to be effective
- C. The patient’s previous educational experiences do not influence his learning
- D. The patient must accept responsibility for compliance with his therapeutic regimen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patient responsibility is essential for adherence to therapeutic regimens.
The patient asks when she should take bisphosphonate medications for treatment of osteoporosis. You tell her
- A. On a full stomach.
- B. Just before getting into bed.
- C. First thing in the morning on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, 30 to 60 minutes before eating, and without lying down.
- D. With an acidic liquid such as orange juice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bisphosphonates require specific administration guidelines to enhance absorption.