ATI Capstone Medical Surgical Assessment 1 Quizlet

ATI Capstone Medical Surgical Assessment 1 Quizlet Related

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What dietary recommendations should be provided for a patient with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease?

  • A. Reduce phosphorus intake to 700 mg/day
  • B. Increase sodium intake
  • C. Restrict protein intake to 0.55-0.60 g/kg/day
  • D. Limit potassium-rich foods
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a patient with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease is to reduce phosphorus intake to 700 mg/day. Excessive phosphorus can be harmful to individuals with kidney disease as the kidneys may not be able to effectively remove it from the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing sodium intake is generally not recommended for patients with kidney disease as it can lead to fluid retention and high blood pressure. Restricting protein intake is important in later stages of kidney disease, but for pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease, protein intake should be individualized based on the patient's condition. Limiting potassium-rich foods is more relevant for patients with advanced kidney disease or those on dialysis, as impaired kidney function can lead to high potassium levels in the blood.

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What should the nurse do for a patient experiencing abdominal cramping during enema administration?

  • A. Lower the height of the enema solution container
  • B. Stop the procedure and remove the tubing
  • C. Continue the enema at a slower rate
  • D. Increase the flow of the enema solution
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a patient experiences abdominal cramping during enema administration, the nurse should lower the height of the enema solution container. This action helps relieve the cramping by slowing down the flow of the solution. Choice B, stopping the procedure and removing the tubing, is incorrect as it is too drastic and may not address the cramping. Choice C, continuing the enema at a slower rate, may exacerbate the cramping if the flow rate is still too high. Choice D, increasing the flow of the enema solution, would worsen the cramping and is not the appropriate intervention.

A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombotic stroke. What are the expected manifestations?

  • A. Gradual loss of function on one side of the body
  • B. Sudden loss of consciousness
  • C. Seizures and confusion
  • D. Loss of sensation in the affected limb
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Gradual loss of function on one side of the body.' Thrombotic strokes lead to slow and progressive symptoms as a result of decreased blood flow to a specific area of the brain. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sudden loss of consciousness, seizures, confusion, and loss of sensation in the affected limb are not typical manifestations of a thrombotic stroke.

What precaution should be advised to a patient following a cataract surgery?

  • A. Wear dark glasses while outdoors
  • B. Avoid NSAIDs
  • C. Use warm compresses
  • D. Apply cold packs
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Following cataract surgery, patients are advised to wear dark glasses while outdoors. This is crucial to protect the eyes from bright light and prevent complications such as excessive glare or discomfort. Choice B, avoiding NSAIDs, is not directly related to post-cataract surgery care. Choices C and D, using warm compresses and applying cold packs, are not typically part of the standard post-operative care for cataract surgery.

A patient diagnosed with hypokalemia is at risk for which condition?

  • A. Cardiac dysrhythmias
  • B. Muscle weakness
  • C. Seizures
  • D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients diagnosed with hypokalemia are at risk for cardiac dysrhythmias due to low potassium levels. Hypokalemia can lead to abnormalities in the electrical conduction system of the heart, potentially causing irregular heart rhythms. Muscle weakness (Choice B) is a symptom commonly associated with hypokalemia, but the question asks about conditions the patient is at risk for, not specific symptoms. Seizures (Choice C) are not typically associated with hypokalemia; they are more commonly linked with conditions such as epilepsy. Bradycardia (Choice D) refers to a slow heart rate, which is not a typical risk associated with hypokalemia; instead, tachycardia (fast heart rate) is more commonly observed in patients with low potassium levels.

What is the first nursing action for a patient admitted with chest pain from acute coronary syndrome?

  • A. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
  • B. Check the patient's urine output
  • C. Administer IV fluids
  • D. Obtain cardiac enzymes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer sublingual nitroglycerin. This is the priority action for a patient admitted with chest pain from acute coronary syndrome. Nitroglycerin helps dilate blood vessels, improve blood flow to the heart, and relieve chest pain. Checking the patient's urine output (Choice B) is not the priority in this situation. Administering IV fluids (Choice C) may not be necessary unless indicated by the patient's condition. Obtaining cardiac enzymes (Choice D) is important but is not the initial action needed to address the patient's acute symptoms.

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