Nokea
What discharge teaching is most important to help the patient who has had a splenectomy prevent infection?
- A. Avoid showering for 1 week.
- B. Sleep in a semi-fowler’s position.
- C. Receive vaccines against infection.
- D. Stay on antibiotics for life.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Receive vaccines against infection. Following a splenectomy, the patient is at an increased risk of infection due to the absence of the spleen's immune function. Vaccines help boost the body's immunity against specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infections. This is crucial for preventing post-splenectomy infections.
Now, let's analyze the other choices:
A: Avoid showering for 1 week - There is no evidence to support that avoiding showering would prevent infection after a splenectomy.
B: Sleep in a semi-fowler’s position - Positioning does not directly impact infection prevention post-splenectomy.
D: Stay on antibiotics for life - Long-term antibiotic use can lead to antibiotic resistance and is not recommended unless specifically indicated for a different reason.
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Hemodynamic monitoring by means of a multilumen pulmonary artery catheter can provide detailed information about:
- A. Preload
- B. Afterload
- C. Cardiac output
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a multilumen pulmonary artery catheter can provide detailed information about preload, afterload, and cardiac output. Preload refers to the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, afterload is the resistance the heart has to overcome to eject blood, and cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. This catheter allows for direct measurement of these parameters by monitoring pressures in the pulmonary artery. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually as they do not encompass the full range of information that can be obtained with a multilumen pulmonary artery catheter.
Which of the ff instructions should be given to the clients family if a client with impaired swallowing has to take solid medication?
- A. Mix the medication with food
- B. Use the liquid form of the medication
- C. Check with the physician or pharmacist before crushing or breaking tablets, or opening capsules
- D. Perform ROM exercises after the medication is administered
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because crushing or breaking tablets can alter the medication's effectiveness or cause harm. Step 1: Consult a physician or pharmacist ensures safety and effectiveness. Step 2: This step helps in determining if the medication can be safely altered for easier swallowing. Step 3: Using liquid form (B) may not always be an option. Mixing with food (A) can affect absorption. ROM exercises (D) are unrelated to medication administration.
A patient was rushed to the ER because of difficulty in urination. He was diagnosed then as a cse of benign prostate hyperthropy (BPH) and was advised by the doctor to undego transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Based on the urgency of the surgery, the nurse classifies this condition as:
- A. emergency
- B. C.urgent
- C. elective
- D. required
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: emergency. In this scenario, the patient is experiencing difficulty in urination due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), a condition that can lead to serious complications like acute urinary retention. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure that is used to relieve the obstruction caused by BPH. Given the urgency of the situation and the potential for acute complications, the surgery needs to be performed immediately to prevent further harm to the patient's health. Classifying this condition as an emergency ensures prompt intervention and prioritizes the patient's well-being.
Summary:
- B: C.urgent (not correct): While the surgery is time-sensitive, it does not require immediate intervention like in an emergency situation.
- C: elective (not correct): Elective surgeries are planned in advance and are not typically performed in urgent situations like this one.
- D: required (not correct): While the surgery is necessary for the patient's condition
Which client has the highest risk of ovarian cancer?
- A. 30-year old woman taking contraceptives
- B. 45-year old woman who has never been pregnant
- C. 40-year old woman with three children
- D. 36-year old woman who had her first child at age 22
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 45-year old woman who has never been pregnant. The risk of ovarian cancer increases with age and nulliparity (never having been pregnant) is a significant risk factor. The older a woman gets without having been pregnant, the higher her risk of developing ovarian cancer. The other choices do not have as high of a risk factor for ovarian cancer. Choice A, a 30-year old woman taking contraceptives, actually reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. Choice C, a 40-year old woman with three children, and choice D, a 36-year old woman who had her first child at age 22, both have lower risk factors compared to choice B.
Which of the following diets would the nurse include in the plan of care for a person with AIDS?
- A. A high-protein, high-calorie diet divided into six small meals.
- B. A low-fat, soft diet divided into 8 small meals.
- C. A high-carbohydrate, fat-restricted diet divided into 4 meals.
- D. A high-fat, high-calorie diet divided into 3 meals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A high-protein, high-calorie diet divided into six small meals. For a person with AIDS, this diet is beneficial to maintain muscle mass, support immune function, and provide energy. High-protein helps in tissue repair, while high-calorie intake helps combat weight loss common in AIDS. Dividing into small frequent meals aids in digestion and absorption.
Choice B is incorrect because a low-fat diet may not provide enough calories for the increased energy needs of a person with AIDS. Choice C is incorrect because a high-carbohydrate, fat-restricted diet may not provide sufficient protein for muscle maintenance. Choice D is incorrect because a high-fat diet may lead to weight gain and can be harder to digest for someone with compromised immunity.