Nokea
What disease process is mitral regurgitation associated with?
- A. Aortic stenosis
- B. Cellulitis
- C. Pulmonary fibrosis
- D. Rheumatic carditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mitral regurgitation is associated with rheumatic carditis and mitral valve prolapse. It is not associated with aortic stenosis, cellulitis, or pulmonary fibrosis. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, not related to the mitral valve. Cellulitis is inflammation in tissue, and pulmonary fibrosis is a scarring in the tissue of the lung.
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The client is scheduled for a percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. The client asks the nurse how long it takes for the opening to close after the procedure. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Within 1 week
- B. Within 1 month
- C. Within 6 months
- D. Within 1 year
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The opening usually closes within 6 months of a percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. It usually takes longer than 1 week or 1 month, but less than 1 year.
A client is being evaluated for mitral stenosis versus mitral insufficiency. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse find in either condition?
- A. Angina
- B. Syncope
- C. Murmur
- D. High blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitral stenosis and mitral insufficiency both create regurgitation of blood back through the mitral valve which can be heard as a murmur. Angina and syncope are not common and would only be exhibited if decrease nourishment of the cardiac muscle and organs occur. Hypertension may be an underlying condition but not necessarily associated with both disorders.
A client with aortic valve regurgitation is asking about the disease process. What would the nurse tell the client is the first sign of aortic valve regurgitation?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Left-sided heart failure
- C. Pain
- D. Dysrhythmias
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tachycardia is one of the first signs of cardiac compensation. When valve damage affects the left ventricle, the client becomes aware of forceful heart contractions (palpitations). At first, palpitations occur only when lying flat or on the left side. Aortic valve regurgitation does not produce left-sided heart failure, pain, or dysrhythmias as the first symptom of disease.
A client with aortic regurgitation is experiencing dyspnea and chest pain with activity. The nurse knows that the cause of the symptoms can be best determined by which diagnostic test?
- A. Radionuclide scan
- B. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- C. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
- D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because the symptoms occur with activity, a radionuclide scan could compare the blood flow through the heart at rest and during activity, giving valuable information about the severity of the diseased valve. ECG, TEE, and MRI are diagnostic tests used in the diagnosis of cardiac disease but less specific for exercise evaluation.
The nurse is caring for a client with mitral stenosis. Which assessment finding would cause the greatest concern in providing nursing care to this client?
- A. Decreased pulmonary pressure
- B. Increased cardiac output
- C. Decreased right ventricular pressure
- D. Increased left atrial pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A damaged mitral valve leads to incomplete emptying of the left atrium and accumulation of blood resulting in increased pressure. As the backup of blood continues, pressure is increased into the lungs and right ventricle and cardiac output decreases.