Nokea
What do nociceptors detect?
- A. Deep pressure
- B. Vibration
- C. Pain
- D. Temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect and transmit signals related to pain. These receptors are activated by noxious stimuli that can potentially cause tissue damage or injury, triggering the perception of pain in the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Pain.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because nociceptors specifically respond to painful stimuli, not deep pressure, vibration, or temperature.
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What is the responsibility of the somatic nervous system?
- A. Breathing
- B. Thought
- C. Movement
- D. Fear
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. This system communicates sensory information and controls voluntary movements, such as walking or reaching for objects. Breathing is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which functions involuntarily. Thought processes involve complex interactions between various regions of the brain and are not directly controlled by the somatic nervous system. Fear is an emotional response that involves the limbic system of the brain and the autonomic nervous system, not the somatic nervous system.
Which of the following correctly lists the four properties that all types of muscle tissue share?
- A. Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible
- B. Contractile, voluntary, elastic, extensible
- C. Contractile, excitable, voluntary, extensible
- D. Contractile, excitable, elastic, voluntary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible.' All types of muscle tissue share these four properties. Muscle tissue can contract, respond to stimuli, stretch and return to its original shape (elastic), and extend or stretch (extensible). Choice B is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary (some are involuntary). Choice C is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary. Choice D is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary and lack the elastic property.
What is an alteration in the normal gene sequence called?
- A. DNA mutation
- B. Gene migration
- C. Polygenic inheritance
- D. Incomplete dominance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A DNA mutation is the correct term used to describe an alteration in the normal gene sequence. It refers to changes in the DNA sequence that can result in different traits or characteristics. Gene migration involves the movement of genes between populations, polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits controlled by multiple genes, and incomplete dominance is a pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant.
How many daughter cells are formed from one parent cell during meiosis?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Three
- D. Four
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During meiosis, one parent cell produces four genetically distinct daughter cells. This occurs through two rounds of cell division, resulting in four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Each daughter cell is genetically unique due to processes like crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis. Choice A is incorrect because meiosis results in multiple daughter cells. Choice B is incorrect because meiosis yields more daughter cells. Choice C is incorrect because meiosis produces four, not three, daughter cells.
What is one feature that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
- A. A plasma membrane
- B. A nucleus enclosed by a membrane
- C. Organelles
- D. A nucleoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A plasma membrane. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes share the characteristic of having a plasma membrane that surrounds the cell. While eukaryotes also possess a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and various organelles, prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The plasma membrane, however, is a universal feature found in all cells, regardless of their classification as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Choice B is incorrect because only eukaryotes have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. Choice C is incorrect because prokaryotes have limited organelles compared to eukaryotes. Choice D is incorrect as a nucleoid is a region in prokaryotic cells where the genetic material is located, not a common feature shared with eukaryotes.