Nokea
What do you tell patients is the most important risk factor for lung cancer when you are teaching about lung cancer prevention?
- A. Cigarette smoking.
- B. Exposure to environmental/occupational carcinogens.
- C. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
- D. Pipe or cigar smoking.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, accounting for the majority of cases worldwide.
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What term best describes an item that is a microorganism or prion that is generally harmless to humans?
- A. Nonpathogenic
- B. Pathogenic
- C. Infection
- D. Helminth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because nonpathogenic microorganisms do not typically cause harm to humans.
Which vitamin does a client lack if there is a problem with the absorption of calcium?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin B
- C. Vitamin C
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines. A deficiency impairs this process.
Which is a maladaptive coping mechanism for a client with stress?
- A. Anger
- B. Hardiness
- C. Alcohol
- D. Self mutilation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Substance abuse, such as alcohol, is a common maladaptive coping mechanism that can exacerbate stress and lead to further health issues.
A client is considering laser abdominal surgery and asks the nurse if there is any advantage in having this type of surgery. The nurse's response should be based upon the knowledge that laser surgery:
- A. has a smaller postoperative infection rate than routine surgery.
- B. will eliminate the need for preoperative sedation.
- C. will result in less operating time.
- D. generally eliminates problems and complications.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A lower postoperative infection rate has been documented as a result of laser therapy versus routine surgery. Clients who choose laser surgery will still need preoperative sedation to facilitate anxiety reduction. Operating time may actually increase in some laser surgeries. The client who chooses laser surgery must still be observed for postoperative complications.
When making a home visit to a client with chronic pyelonephritis, which nursing action has the highest priority?
- A. Follow-up on lab values before the visit.
- B. Observe client findings for the effectiveness of antibiotics.
- C. Ask for a log of urinary output.
- D. As for the log of the oral intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring antibiotic effectiveness is crucial in managing pyelonephritis.