Nokea
What does incidence refer to?
- A. How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time
- B. How many people have recovered from a disorder in a given period of time
- C. The percentage of males and females who have a disorder
- D. How many people in the population as a whole have a disorder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time.' Incidence specifically measures the rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular condition within a defined population and time frame. This distinguishes it from prevalence, which includes both new and existing cases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately define the term 'incidence.' Choice B refers to recovery, choice C mentions gender distribution, and choice D relates to the total population affected by a disorder, which are not reflective of the concept of incidence.
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What neurotransmitter was first believed to be the cause of schizophrenia?
- A. GABA
- B. Serotonin
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Dopamine. Dopamine was initially thought to be the primary cause of schizophrenia. This neurotransmitter hypothesis was based on the observation that drugs that increase dopamine activity can worsen symptoms of schizophrenia, while drugs that decrease dopamine activity can improve symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because GABA, serotonin, and epinephrine were not the neurotransmitters initially believed to be the cause of schizophrenia.
The ____ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose?
- A. Behaviorists
- B. Humanists
- C. Functionalists
- D. Structuralists
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Functionalists believed that consciousness evolved because it serves a useful purpose in helping humans adapt to their environment. Choice A, Behaviorists, focused on observable behaviors rather than consciousness. Choice B, Humanists, emphasized human potential and self-actualization. Choice D, Structuralists, studied the basic elements of consciousness rather than its function and purpose.
Jason, a 4-year-old boy, believes that it gets cloudy and rainy every time he is sad. He concluded that his sadness is the cause of the bad weather. This tendency is known as?
- A. Irreversibility
- B. Centration
- C. Animism
- D. Transduction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Transduction. Transduction refers to when a child believes that their feelings or actions cause unrelated events, such as a child thinking their sadness causes rain. Choice A, Irreversibility, is incorrect as it relates to the belief that actions cannot be undone, which is more related to conservation tasks in Piaget's theory. Choice B, Centration, refers to the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation, overlooking other relevant aspects. Choice C, Animism, is the attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects, which is not applicable in this scenario.
What term refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge?
- A. Cognition.
- B. Pedagogy.
- C. Empiricism.
- D. Introspection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, cognition. Cognition encompasses mental processes like thinking, remembering, and problem-solving, all crucial in acquiring knowledge. Pedagogy (choice B) refers to the method and practice of teaching. Empiricism (choice C) is a theory that states knowledge comes from sensory experience. Introspection (choice D) involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings, not specifically focused on acquiring knowledge.
Alison believes that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Alison's views are most consistent with which view in psychology?
- A. Behaviorist view of psychology.
- B. Structuralist view of psychology.
- C. Functionalist view of psychology.
- D. Psychoanalytic view of psychology.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alison's belief that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of their experiences aligns with the Behaviorist view of psychology. Behaviorism focuses on how behavior is learned through interactions with the environment, emphasizing the role of experience in shaping behavior. The other options are not directly related to the idea that behavior is learned through experiences: Structuralism focuses on the structure of conscious experience, Functionalism emphasizes the purpose of behavior, and Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of unconscious processes.