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What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend as the best form of newborn nutrition?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding until age 2 months.
- B. Exclusive breastfeeding until age 6 months.
- C. Commercially prepared newborn formula for 1 year.
- D. Commercially prepared newborn formula until age 4 to 6 months.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a baby's life. Breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients and antibodies that a baby needs for healthy growth and development during this crucial period. Breastfeeding also offers long-term health benefits for both the baby and the mother. It is important for mothers to receive support and education to establish and maintain successful breastfeeding. After the first 6 months, the AAP recommends continuing breastfeeding while introducing appropriate solid foods until at least 12 months of age, or longer if both the mother and baby are willing and able.
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Nurse Melanie is teaching an adult class about the different types of hepatitis. Which statement does not pertain to hepatitis A?
- A. "Is caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family."
- B. "It spreads primarily by fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of infcetd food or liquids."
- C. "It may not be spread from sexual contact."
- D. "Type A hepatitis occurs worldwide, especially in areas with overcrowding and poor sanitation."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statement A is incorrect because hepatitis A is not caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family. Instead, hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which belongs to the Picornaviridae family. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Additionally, hepatitis A can be transmitted through close personal contact and sexual contact. While hepatitis A occurs worldwide, it is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding.
Although melanoma is relatively rare in children, some risk factors may increase its incidence. All the following are risk factors for development of melanoma EXCEPT
- A. positive family history of melanoma
- B. dark-skinned child
- C. hairy nevus
- D. dysplastic nevus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dark-skinned individuals have a lower risk of melanoma.
The nurse is taking care of a 7-year-old child with herpes simplex virus (type 1 or 2). Which prescribed medication should the nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan?
- A. Corticosteroids
- B. Oral griseofulvin
- C. Oral antiviral agent
- D. Topical and/or systemic antibiotic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For the treatment of herpes simplex virus (type 1 or 2) in a 7-year-old child, the nurse should expect the prescribed medication to include an oral antiviral agent. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir are commonly used to manage herpes simplex virus infections. These medications help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, promote healing of lesions, and prevent future outbreaks. Corticosteroids are not typically used in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. Oral griseofulvin is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections, not viral infections like herpes simplex virus. Topical and/or systemic antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are not effective against viruses like herpes simplex.
Which information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities?
- A. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.
- B. Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fine motor skills.
- C. Provide child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills.
- D. Provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At 12 months of age, children are generally starting to become more mobile and interested in exploring their surroundings. Large push-pull toys are a great option for encouraging physical activity and helping with gross motor skills development. These toys can help the child practice walking, crawling, and hand-eye coordination. Push-pull toys also provide kinetic stimulation which is important for the child's overall physical development at this age. Other play activities mentioned in the options, such as finger paints or cradle gym, may be suitable for older children as they require more fine motor skills and coordination. Stick horse, on the other hand, is more appropriate for older children who have better developed gross motor coordination.
Monthly examination (BSE) can help in early detection of breast CA. When do you perform BSE?
- A. once a month after menstruation
- B. every ether month after menstruation
- C. once a month before menstruation
- D. every other month before menstruation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Performing monthly breast self-examination (BSE) after menstruation is recommended because during this time, the breasts are less likely to be swollen or tender, which can help to ensure a more accurate examination. Engaging in BSE on a regular basis can help individuals become familiar with their breast tissue and better recognize any changes that may occur. By performing BSE monthly after menstruation, individuals can actively monitor their breast health and potentially detect any abnormalities or signs of breast cancer at an early stage.