Nokea
What does the liver secrete to aid in digestion?
- A. insulin
- B. bile
- C. gastrin
- D. pepsin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: bile. The liver secretes bile to aid in digestion by emulsifying fats, helping in their breakdown and absorption. Insulin (choice A) is secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, not aid in digestion. Gastrin (choice C) is a hormone produced by the stomach to stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, not by the liver. Pepsin (choice D) is an enzyme produced in the stomach to break down proteins, not secreted by the liver.
You may also like to solve these questions
If the submandibular salivary gland stops functioning:
- A. The volume of salivary secretion will be reduced by 20%
- B. There would be severe deficiency of
- C. amylase
- D. There would be no mucins in saliva
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the submandibular salivary gland is responsible for producing around 70-75% of total saliva, including amylase. If it stops functioning, there would be a severe deficiency of amylase, leading to impaired digestion of starches. Choice A is incorrect because the reduction in salivary secretion would be more significant than 20%. Choice D is incorrect as mucins are produced by other salivary glands and not solely by the submandibular gland.
Which of these is responsible for the formation of chyme?
- A. bile
- B. mucus
- C. hydrochloric acid
- D. pepsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is responsible for creating an acidic environment in the stomach essential for the activation of pepsin and the breakdown of proteins into peptides. This acidic environment also helps in the denaturation of proteins and kills harmful bacteria present in food. Bile (choice A) aids in digestion of fats in the small intestine. Mucus (choice B) helps protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment. Pepsin (choice D) is an enzyme that breaks down proteins but is activated by hydrochloric acid.
The breakdown of glycogen in which organ/tissue is required for the maintenance of blood glucose?
- A. skeletal muscle
- B. pancreas
- C. liver
- D. adipose tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: liver. The breakdown of glycogen in the liver is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels through a process called glycogenolysis. The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream to prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy to the body. Skeletal muscle (A) stores glycogen for its own energy needs, not for blood glucose maintenance. The pancreas (B) regulates blood glucose through insulin and glucagon secretion but does not directly breakdown glycogen. Adipose tissue (D) stores fat and does not play a significant role in glycogen breakdown for blood glucose maintenance.
The nervous system or systems that can control peristalsis in the inferior esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine is (are) the
- A. somatic motor nervous system.
- B. sympathetic nervous system.
- C. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- D. autonomic and somatic motor nervous systems.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because peristalsis, the involuntary movement of the digestive tract, is controlled by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates peristalsis, while the sympathetic nervous system inhibits it. Choice A is incorrect because the somatic motor nervous system controls voluntary movements, not peristalsis. Choice B is incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system inhibits peristalsis. Choice D is incorrect because the somatic motor nervous system does not control peristalsis in the digestive tract; it controls skeletal muscle movements.
Which patient has the highest risk for poor nutritional balance related to decreased ingestion?
- A. Tuberculosis infection
- B. Draining decubitus ulcers
- C. Malabsorption syndrome
- D. Severe anorexia resulting from radiation therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Severe anorexia resulting from radiation therapy. This patient has the highest risk for poor nutritional balance due to the severe anorexia caused by the treatment. Radiation therapy often leads to loss of appetite, making it difficult for the patient to ingest adequate nutrients, resulting in malnutrition.
A: Tuberculosis infection does not necessarily directly cause decreased ingestion, as appetite may vary among patients.
B: Draining decubitus ulcers may lead to protein and fluid loss but not necessarily decreased ingestion.
C: Malabsorption syndrome affects the absorption of nutrients but does not directly relate to decreased ingestion.