Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular Disorders

Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular Disorders Related

Review Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular Disorders related questions and content

What does the surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus do?

  • A. Stop the loss of unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation
  • B. Decrease the edema in legs and feet
  • C. Increase the oxygenation of blood
  • D. Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow from the higher-pressure aorta to the lower-pressure pulmonary artery, causing a right-to-left shunt. If this is surgically closed, no additional oxygenated blood (from the aorta) will return to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The aorta carries oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation. Because of the higher pressure in the aorta, blood is shunted into the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary circulation. Edema in the legs and feet is usually a sign of heart failure. This repair would not directly affect the edema. Increasing the oxygenation of blood would not interfere with the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.

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The nurse is preparing a client for discharge who was recently diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the client's discharge teaching plan?

  • A. Use a walker when weakness occurs
  • B. Avoid extreme environmental temperatures
  • C. Increase daily intake of sodium in diet
  • D. Take prescribed cortisone accurately
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Taking prescribed cortisone accurately is crucial for managing Addison's disease and preventing an adrenal crisis.

A patient with no structural heart disease: a wide QRS tachycardia of RBBB morphology at a rate of 160 bpm, QRS axis of (-) 40 degrees and AV dissociation was recorded during palpitation. What is the likely diagnosis?

  • A. RV outflow ventricular tachycardia
  • B. Posterior fascicular VT
  • C. Anterior fascicular VT
  • D. Antidromic AVRT
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: RV outflow ventricular tachycardia is the likely diagnosis given the RBBB morphology and QRS axis.

The following are potent vasoconstrictors:

  • A. Renin
  • B. Angiotensin I
  • C. Nitric oxide
  • D. PGI2
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renin: Renin is a precursor enzyme in the RAAS that helps in converting angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, a potent vasoconstrictor.

The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery. What should the nurse do if evidence of cardiac tamponade is found?

  • A. Increase analgesia
  • B. Apply warming blankets
  • C. Immediately report this to physician
  • D. Encourage child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: If evidence is noted of cardiac tamponade, which is blood or fluid in the pericardial space constricting the heart, the physician is notified immediately of this life-threatening complication. Increasing analgesia may be done before the physician drains the fluid, but the physician must be notified. Warming blankets are not indicated at this time. Encouraging the child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply should be deferred till after the evaluation by the physician.

Frequent complications of Mycoplasma infection include:

  • A. Thrombocytopenia
  • B. Haemolytic anaemia
  • C. Cardiac conduction defects
  • D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Haemolytic anaemia: Mycoplasma infections, particularly with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, can lead to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, where the body’s immune system destroys red blood cells.

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