Nokea
What does the surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus do?
- A. Stop the loss of unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation
- B. Decrease the edema in legs and feet
- C. Increase the oxygenation of blood
- D. Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that allows blood to bypass the lungs while in utero. After birth, the ductus arteriosus should close to redirect blood flow through the lungs for oxygenation. Surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus is performed to prevent the shunting of unoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, therefore stopping the loss of unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation. This helps to ensure that oxygenated blood is properly circulated to the body tissues and organs.
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the Anti Streptolycin o titer (ASOT) is positive with :
- A. tonsillitis
- B. glomerulonephritis
- C. RF
- D. all the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Anti Streptolysin O titer (ASOT) is a test used to detect antibodies produced by the body in response to a recent streptococcal infection. A positive ASOT result can be seen in various conditions such as tonsillitis, glomerulonephritis, and Rheumatic fever (RF), which are all associated with streptococcal infections. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all of these conditions can lead to a positive ASOT result.
The couple with the lowest risk of having a child with sickle cell disease is the one in which the:
- A. Father is HbS and mother is HbS
- B. Father is HbAS and the mother is
- C. Father is HbS and mother is HbAS HbAS
- D. Father is HbA and the mother is HbS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, resulting in the production of abnormal hemoglobin called HbS. In order to have a child with sickle cell disease, both parents must be carriers of the HbS gene.
Radiotherapy is an effective modality of treatment in variable pediatric solid tumors. Of the following, the LEAST responsive tumor to radiotherapy is
- A. rhabdomyosarcoma
- B. neuroblastoma
- C. nephroblastoma
- D. osteosarcoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osteosarcoma is relatively radioresistant compared to other listed tumors.
A patient is being given penicillin via IV piggyback and develops an anaphylactic reaction. Which of the following should be the nurse's first action?
- A. Call the doctor
- B. Maintain the antibiotic
- C. Call for help
- D. Turn off the antibiotic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the scenario of a patient developing an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin via IV piggyback, the nurse's first action should be to discontinue the administration of the antibiotic to prevent further exposure and potential worsening of the reaction. Turning off the antibiotic is critical as it stops the source of the allergic reaction. This step takes precedence over any other actions including calling the doctor, maintaining the antibiotic, or calling for help, as stopping the infusion is the most immediate and important action to take in managing an anaphylactic reaction. Once the antibiotic has been turned off, the nurse can then proceed with providing appropriate emergency treatments and notifying the healthcare team for further management.
A 3-year-old female is hospitalized for a femur fracture. As her nurse, what nursing action would help foster the child's sense of autonomy?
- A. Allow the child to choose what time to take her oral antibiotics.
- B. Allow the child to have a doll for medical play.
- C. Allow the child to administer her own dose of Keflex (cephalexin) via oral syringe.
- D. Allow the child to watch age-appropriate videos.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allowing preschoolers to participate in actions for which they are capable is an excellent way to enhance their sense of autonomy.