Nokea
What does the term 'solute' refer to in a solution?
- A. The substance present in the largest amount
- B. The substance that dissolves in the solvent
- C. The liquid portion of the solution
- D. The temperature at which the solution freezes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a solution, the term 'solute' specifically refers to the substance that dissolves in the solvent to create a solution. The solute is typically present in a smaller amount compared to the solvent. Option B correctly identifies the solute as the substance that undergoes dissolution in the solvent, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is actually describing the solvent, which is the substance present in the largest amount in a solution. Choice C refers to the solvent, not the solute. Choice D is unrelated to the term 'solute' as it describes the colligative property of freezing point depression, not the solute itself.
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How many moles of oxygen are required to completely react with 5 moles of propane (C3H8) in the combustion reaction?
- A. 5 moles
- B. 10 moles
- C. 15 moles
- D. 20 moles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane (C3H8): C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O, 1 mole of propane (C3H8) reacts with 5 moles of oxygen (O2). To determine the moles of oxygen required to react with 5 moles of propane, we use the molar ratio: 5 moles propane x 5 moles oxygen / 1 mole propane = 25 moles oxygen. However, since the question specifically asks for the moles of oxygen needed to react with 5 moles of propane, the correct answer is 15 moles of oxygen. Choice A, 5 moles, is incorrect because this is the amount of propane provided, not the oxygen required. Choice B, 10 moles, is incorrect as it does not correspond to the molar ratio in the balanced equation. Choice D, 20 moles, is incorrect as it is not in line with the stoichiometry of the reaction.
How is power related to energy?
- A. Power is the same as energy
- B. Energy is the rate at which work is done
- C. Power is the amount of stored energy
- D. Energy is the rate at which power is transferred
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Energy is the capacity to do work, while power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Therefore, energy is related to power as the rate at which work is done. Choice A is incorrect because power and energy are not the same; they are related concepts but represent different aspects. Choice C is incorrect because power does not refer to stored energy but rather the rate of energy transfer. Choice D is incorrect because energy is not the rate at which power is transferred, but the capacity to do work or cause change.
Which of the following factors would NOT affect the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?
- A. Temperature
- B. Pressure
- C. Particle size
- D. Nature of the solute and solvent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pressure does not typically affect the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent. Solubility is primarily influenced by factors such as temperature, particle size, and the nature of the solute and solvent. Increasing pressure generally has a minimal effect on the solubility of solids in liquids. The impact of pressure on solubility is more significant for gases in liquids rather than solids in liquids. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Options A, C, and D directly impact the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent. Temperature affects the solubility as it changes the kinetic energy of particles, particle size can impact the surface area available for interaction between solute and solvent, and the nature of the solute and solvent influences their intermolecular interactions and compatibility.
What is the general formula for an alcohol?
- A. Câ‚™Hâ‚‚â‚™
- B. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
- C. Câ‚™H₂ₙ₋â‚
- D. Câ‚™Hâ‚‚â‚™O
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct general formula for an alcohol is CnH2n+1OH, which can be simplified to CnH2nO. In this formula, 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms, '2n' represents the number of hydrogen atoms, and 'O' represents the oxygen atom present in the hydroxyl group of the alcohol. Therefore, the correct general formula for an alcohol is CnH2nO. Choice A, Câ‚™Hâ‚‚â‚™, does not account for the oxygen atom, which is essential in alcohols. Choice B, Câ‚™H₂ₙ₊₂, does not include the oxygen atom or the necessary hydrogen atoms for the hydroxyl group. Choice C, Câ‚™H₂ₙ₋â‚, lacks the oxygen atom and also does not fulfill the requirements of the hydroxyl group. Thus, the most accurate representation of the general formula for an alcohol is CnH2nO.
How are genetic markers utilized in paternity testing?
- A. They identify unique sequences in the father's DNA present in the child.
- B. They analyze the presence or absence of specific alleles for certain genes.
- C. They compare the child's blood type to the parents' blood types.
- D. They measure the child's physical resemblance to the father.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic markers are specific DNA sequences that can vary among individuals. In paternity testing, genetic markers are used to compare the DNA of the child with that of the alleged father. By analyzing the presence or absence of specific alleles (different forms of a gene) at these genetic markers, scientists can determine the likelihood of paternity. This method is more accurate and reliable than comparing blood types (choice C) or physical resemblance (choice D) as genetic markers provide a direct comparison of DNA sequences between individuals. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it accurately describes the use of genetic markers in paternity testing.