Nokea
What drug is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?
- A. Furosemide (Lasix)
- B. Captopril (Capoten)
- C. Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
- D. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor used in heart failure management. Furosemide is a loop diuretic, chlorothiazide acts on distal tubules, and spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, none of which are ACE inhibitors.
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The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) occurring. What strategy is an important objective to decrease this risk?
- A. Minimize seizures.
- B. Prevent dehydration.
- C. Promote cardiac output.
- D. Reduce energy expenditure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preventing dehydration reduces stroke risk in hypoxic children with polycythemia, as dehydration increases blood viscosity. Seizure control, cardiac output, and energy expenditure are important but don?t directly address stroke risk.
What clinical manifestation is a common sign of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Seizures
- B. Vomiting
- C. Bradypnea
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vomiting, unrelated to feedings, is a common sign of digoxin toxicity due to its narrow therapeutic range. Seizures are not associated, bradycardia (not bradypnea or tachycardia) may occur, but vomiting is a key indicator.
A chest radiography examination is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The childs parent asks the nurse, What will the x-ray show about the heart? The nurses response should be based on knowledge that the radiograph provides which information?
- A. Shows bones of the chest but not the heart
- B. Evaluates the vascular anatomy outside of the heart
- C. Shows a graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart
- D. Supplies information on heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chest radiographs reveal heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns, aiding in cardiac assessment. They also show chest bones, but the heart is visible. Vascular anatomy is evaluated via MRI, and electrical activity is measured by electrocardiography, not radiographs.
The parents of a young child with heart failure (HF) tell the nurse that they are nervous about giving digoxin. The nurses response should be based on which knowledge?
- A. It is a safe, frequently used drug.
- B. Parents lack the expertise necessary to administer digoxin.
- C. It is difficult to either overmedicate or undermedicate with digoxin.
- D. Parents need to learn specific, important guidelines for administration of digoxin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Digoxin?s narrow therapeutic range requires parents to learn specific guidelines for safe administration and monitoring to prevent toxicity. It?s not inherently safe, parents can be taught, and over- or undermedication is a risk without proper guidance.
What term is defined as the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1 minute?
- A. Afterload
- B. Cardiac cycle
- C. Stroke volume
- D. Cardiac output
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute, calculated as heart rate times stroke volume. Afterload is resistance to ventricular ejection, cardiac cycle is the sequence of atrial and ventricular contraction, and stroke volume is the blood ejected per contraction.