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What effect will the presence of support people in labor most likely have?
- A. improve the experience of the birthing person
- B. improve the outcomes of the birthing person
- C. improve the outcomes and experience of the birthing person
- D. cause birth trauma and/or postpartum depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of support people during labor, such as a partner, family member, doula, or midwife, can have a positive impact on both the outcomes and experience of the birthing person. Studies have shown that having continuous support during labor can lead to shorter labor times, reduced need for medical interventions like cesarean sections or epidurals, increased satisfaction with the birth experience, and decreased likelihood of experiencing postpartum depression. Emotional support, physical comfort, and advocacy provided by support people can help the birthing person feel more empowered, confident, and less stressed during labor, ultimately leading to better outcomes and a more positive birth experience.
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Which assessment finding indicates that cervical dilation and/or effacement has occurred?
- A. Onset of irregular contractions
- B. Cephalic presentation at 0 station
- C. Bloody mucus drainage from vagina
- D. Fetal heart tones (FHTs) present in the lower right quadrant
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bloody mucus drainage from the vagina, also known as "bloody show," is a common sign that indicates cervical dilation and/or effacement has occurred in anticipation of labor. This occurs as the mucus plug, which seals the cervix during pregnancy, is released as the cervix begins to soften, dilate, and efface in preparation for childbirth. This physical change in the cervix is a significant indicator that labor is approaching. The other options listed do not directly indicate cervical changes associated with labor progression like the presence of bloody mucus drainage does.
Which clinical finding should the nurse expect to assess in the third stage of labor that indicates the placenta has separated from the uterine wall? (Select all that apply.)
- A. A gush of blood appears.
- B. The uterus rises upward in the abdomen.
- C. The fundus descends below the umbilicus.
- D. The cord descends further from the vagin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A. A gush of blood appears: This clinical finding is indicative of the placenta detaching from the uterine wall and the subsequent expulsion. The sudden release of a significant amount of blood is expected as the placenta separates.
Which female pelvis is most suitable for vaginal delivery?
- A. Gynecoid
- B. Android
- C. Platypelloid
- D. Anthropoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A gynecoid pelvis is the most suitable for vaginal delivery.
Which is the best explanation for the use of hydration and relaxation in the treatment of hypertonic labor?
- A. Hydration promotes uterine relaxation by diluting endogenous oxytocin.
- B. Hydration improves uterine coordination by increasing perfusion.
- C. Hydration encourages contraction regulation by stimulating catecholamine release.
- D. Hydration stimulates the production of prostaglandins to relax the uterus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydration helps to dilute endogenous oxytocin, which can reduce uterine contractions and relax the uterus. Hypertonic labor involves excessive uterine contractions, and hydration can counteract this by regulating contractions and improving perfusion, which ultimately aids in a more coordinated and effective labor progression.
During the second stage, what do the birthing person's vital signs most likely show?
- A. increased heart rate during contractions, baseline heart rate between contractions
- B. increased heart rate during contractions, decreased heart rate between contractions
- C. decreased heart rate during contractions, increased heart rate between contractions
- D. decreased heart rate during contractions, baseline heart rate between contractions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the second stage of labor (pushing stage), the birthing person's vital signs most likely show an increased heart rate during contractions and a baseline heart rate between contractions. This increase in heart rate is a normal physiological response to the exertion and pressure of pushing during contractions. Between contractions, the heart rate should return to a more stable baseline. It is important to monitor these vital signs to ensure the well-being of both the birthing person and the baby during childbirth.