Nokea
What happens during the oral phase of digestion?
- A. Food is chewed and mixed with saliva
- B. Chyme is formed with gastric juice
- C. Nutrients are absorbed
- D. Waste is expelled
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the oral phase, food is mechanically broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva to begin starch digestion.
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A set of permanent teeth contains:
- A. 20 teeth
- B. 30 teeth
- C. 32 teeth
- D. 24 teeth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An adult human has 32 permanent teeth.
Which structure produces a liquid called chyme to help with the digestive process?
- A. 3
- B. 2
- C. 1
- D. 4
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structure 3 (stomach) produces chyme by mixing food with gastric juices. (Assuming typical diagram numbering; stomach is often 3.)
What is the major function of the podocyte?
- A. To keep large molecules out of the nephron
- B. To strengthen the glomerular capillaries
- C. To act as macrophages in the kidney
- D. To detect chemical changes in the blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Podocytes form a filtration barrier in Bowman's capsule, preventing large molecules from entering the filtrate.
A 70-year-old male patient is experiencing symptoms of constipation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Physical examination reveals visible distension of the abdomen, and a contrast study shows dilation of the large intestine. Which of the following motility disorders is the most probable cause of the patient's symptoms?
- A. Excessive peristalsis in the large intestine
- B. Impaired segmentation in the small intestine
- C. Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine
- D. Excessive segmentation in the small intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine slows transit, leading to constipation, bloating, and dilation, as seen in the contrast study.
Excess amino acids are deaminated & converted into urea in -
- A. Kidneys
- B. Liver
- C. Spleen
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The liver deaminates excess amino acids and converts them into urea.