Nokea
What happens to the density of a gas when its temperature increases at constant pressure?
- A. It increases.
- B. It decreases.
- C. It remains the same.
- D. Information is insufficient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases. This leads to the gas molecules moving faster and spreading out more, which causes them to occupy a larger volume. As a result, the density of the gas decreases because the same number of gas molecules are now distributed over a larger space. Choice A is incorrect because as the gas molecules spread out, the density decreases. Choice C is incorrect because the increase in temperature leads to a decrease in density due to the increased volume occupied by the gas molecules. Choice D is incorrect because with the provided scenario of temperature increase at constant pressure, the effect on density can be determined.
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What is the process by which muscles convert chemical energy (ATP) into mechanical energy (movement)?
- A. Photosynthesis
- B. Cellular respiration
- C. Muscle contraction
- D. The sliding filament theory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Muscle contraction is the correct answer. It is the process by which muscles convert chemical energy (ATP) into mechanical energy (movement). During muscle contraction, the sliding filament theory explains how actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, causing muscle fibers to shorten and generate force. Photosynthesis (option A) is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Cellular respiration (option B) is the process by which cells generate ATP from glucose and oxygen. The sliding filament theory (option D) is a detailed explanation of the molecular events that occur during muscle contraction but is not the overall process of converting energy into movement; it focuses on the mechanism within the process of muscle contraction.
Which structure allows for the selective passage of materials into and out of the cell?
- A. DNA
- B. Protein
- C. Carbohydrate
- D. Phospholipid bilayer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer is a crucial component of the cell membrane, surrounding the cell and regulating the passage of materials into and out of the cell. Its structure enables it to be selectively permeable, controlling which substances can pass through. DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates are essential molecules in the cell but do not directly govern the passage of materials like the phospholipid bilayer does. Therefore, the correct answer is the phospholipid bilayer.
An object is thrown at an angle. Which of the following forces acts HORIZONTALLY on the object during its flight?
- A. Gravitational force
- B. Normal force from the ground
- C. Air resistance
- D. The force of throwing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the flight of the object, the only force that acts horizontally on the object is air resistance. Air resistance opposes the motion of the object through the air and acts in the direction opposite to the object's velocity. Gravitational force acts vertically downward, influencing the object's weight and vertical motion. The normal force from the ground acts perpendicular to the ground to support the object's weight. The force of throwing initially imparts velocity to the object at an angle, but it does not act horizontally throughout the flight.
What is the main function of estuaries?
- A. Filtering pollutants from water
- B. Providing habitat for marine life
- C. Storing carbon dioxide
- D. Generating wind power
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Estuaries are coastal areas where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. They serve as important habitats for a variety of marine life, including fish, birds, and other wildlife. Estuaries provide shelter, breeding grounds, and food sources for many species, making them crucial for the overall health of marine ecosystems. While estuaries can help filter pollutants to some extent, their primary function is to support and sustain diverse populations of plants and animals. Storing carbon dioxide and generating wind power are not main functions of estuaries.
Identify the INCORRECT function of the liver.
- A. Bile production to aid digestion.
- B. Synthesis of blood proteins, such as albumin.
- C. Storage of glucose for energy regulation.
- D. Filtration of waste products from the blood.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Correct - The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
B) Correct - The liver is responsible for synthesizing blood proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood.
C) Correct - The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing glucose when needed.
D) Incorrect - The liver does not filter waste products from the blood. Instead, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine.