Nokea
What health promotion teaching should prioritize to prevent drug-induced hepatitis?
- A. Finish all prescribed courses of antibiotics, regardless of symptom resolution
- B. Adhere to dosing recommendations of over-the-counter analgesics
- C. Ensure that expired medications are disposed of safely
- D. Ensure that pharmacists regularly review drug regimens for potential interactions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because adhering to dosing recommendations of over-the-counter analgesics can help prevent drug-induced hepatitis by avoiding potential liver damage from excessive doses. Over-the-counter analgesics like acetaminophen can be hepatotoxic if taken in high amounts. Finishing all prescribed courses of antibiotics (A) is important for antibiotic resistance but does not specifically prevent drug-induced hepatitis. Ensuring safe disposal of expired medications (C) is crucial for environmental safety but does not directly prevent drug-induced hepatitis. Having pharmacists review drug regimens for potential interactions (D) is important for overall medication safety but does not specifically address the prevention of drug-induced hepatitis.
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The nurse has completed the admission assessment of a client and has determined that the client's body mass index (BMI) is 33.5 kg/m2. What health promotion advice should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. It would be very helpful if you could integrate more physical activity into your routine.
- B. You're considered to be overweight, so you should be diligent about maintaining a healthy diet.
- C. You might want to consider some of the surgical options that have been developed for treating obesity.
- D. With your permission, I'd like you to refer to a support group for individuals who live with severe obesity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (A):
1. BMI of 33.5 indicates the client is in the overweight category.
2. Physical activity can help in weight management and improving overall health.
3. Integrating physical activity can help in reducing weight and lowering BMI.
4. Health promotion advice should focus on lifestyle changes rather than surgical interventions or support groups.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: While maintaining a healthy diet is important, focusing solely on diet may not be as effective as incorporating physical activity for weight management.
C: Surgical options are typically considered for severe obesity cases, which may not be necessary at a BMI of 33.5.
D: Referring to a support group for severe obesity may not be appropriate at this stage as lifestyle modifications should be the initial approach.
A client with acute pancreatitis is admitted to the hospital. What is the priority nursing intervention for this client?
- A. Administering oral pancreatic enzymes
- B. Encouraging a high-protein diet
- C. Maintaining NPO status and administering IV fluids
- D. Providing a low-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a client with acute pancreatitis is maintaining NPO status and administering IV fluids (Choice C). This is because pancreatitis causes inflammation of the pancreas, leading to digestive enzyme release and auto-digestion of pancreatic tissue. By keeping the client NPO, it helps rest the pancreas and decrease enzyme secretion, which can reduce further damage. Administering IV fluids is crucial to maintain hydration and replace lost fluids due to vomiting or decreased oral intake. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they focus on dietary interventions such as oral pancreatic enzymes, high-protein, or low-fat diet, which are not appropriate as initial priorities in the acute phase of pancreatitis.
When working with a client who has chronic constipation, what should be included in client teaching to promote normal bowel function?
- A. Use glycerin suppositories on a regular basis
- B. Limit physical activity in order to promote bowel peristalsis
- C. Consume high-residue, high-fiber foods
- D. Resist the urge to defecate until the urge becomes intense
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Consume high-residue, high-fiber foods. High-fiber foods promote regular bowel movements by adding bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass. Fiber also helps in maintaining bowel health and preventing constipation. Glycerin suppositories (A) should not be used regularly as they can lead to dependence. Limiting physical activity (B) is not recommended as exercise can aid in promoting bowel peristalsis. Resisting the urge to defecate (D) can worsen constipation and lead to complications. In summary, promoting high-fiber diet is the most effective way to help manage chronic constipation.
A 40-year-old man presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. He has a history of Crohn's disease. Laboratory tests reveal low hemoglobin and elevated ESR. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Ulcerative colitis
- B. Irritable bowel syndrome
- C. Celiac disease
- D. Crohn's disease flare
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Crohn's disease flare. Given the patient's history of Crohn's disease, symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and abnormal lab findings (low hemoglobin, elevated ESR) are indicative of a flare-up of Crohn's disease. This is supported by the clinical presentation and the lab results. Ulcerative colitis (A) presents differently with rectal bleeding and mucous diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome (B) does not typically cause weight loss or abnormal lab findings. Celiac disease (C) would present with malabsorption symptoms and specific antibodies, not consistent with this patient's presentation. Crohn's disease flare (D) is the most likely diagnosis based on the information provided.
A client with long-standing obesity has been prescribed phentermine/topiramate-ER. What statement by the client suggests that further health education is necessary?
- A. I'm so relieved to start this medication. I really don't like having to exercise or change what I eat.
- B. It's hard to believe that there are actually medications that can treat obesity.
- C. I'm a bit nervous to start this medication because I know I'll need blood tests sometimes.
- D. I'm going to have to do some rearranging of my finances to make sure I can afford this medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the client's statement indicates a lack of understanding about the comprehensive approach needed to address obesity. Phentermine/topiramate-ER is not a standalone solution; it is most effective when used in conjunction with lifestyle changes like exercise and dietary modifications. By expressing a dislike for exercise and dietary changes, the client demonstrates a reliance solely on the medication, which is not conducive to long-term weight management. This suggests a need for further education on the importance of holistic lifestyle modifications in conjunction with medication therapy.
Choice B is incorrect because the client expressing disbelief at medications for obesity is not necessarily indicative of a need for further education; it may simply reflect surprise or lack of awareness. Choice C is incorrect as the client's nervousness about blood tests is a common concern and does not necessarily indicate a need for more education. Choice D is also incorrect as financial concerns are valid but do not directly relate to the need for additional health education.