Nokea
What immunization should not be given to a child receiving chemotherapy for cancer?
- A. Tetanus vaccine
- B. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine
- C. Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT)
- D. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: MMR, a live virus vaccine, risks severe disease in immunocompromised children receiving chemotherapy. Tetanus, inactivated poliovirus, and DPT are safe but may have reduced efficacy, often delayed until immunosuppression resolves.
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Total-body irradiation is indicated for what reason?
- A. Palliative care
- B. Lymphoma therapy
- C. Definitive therapy for leukemia
- D. Preparation for bone marrow transplant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total-body irradiation destroys the immune system to prepare for bone marrow transplant, increasing complication risks until engraftment. It?s not used for palliative care, lymphoma, or leukemia as a primary treatment, which rely on other modalities.
The nurse is preparing a child for possible alopecia from chemotherapy. What information should the nurse include?
- A. Wearing hats or scarves is preferable to a wig.
- B. Expose head to sunlight to stimulate hair regrowth.
- C. Hair may have a slightly different color or texture when it regrows.
- D. Regrowth of hair usually begins 12 months after chemotherapy ends.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia may result in hair regrowing with a different color or texture. Children choose preferred head coverings, sunlight risks sunburn, and hair typically regrows within 3-6 months post-chemotherapy, not 12 months.
What type of chemotherapeutic agent alters the function of cells by replacing a hydrogen atom of a molecule?
- A. Plant alkaloids
- B. Antimetabolites
- C. Alkylating agents
- D. Antitumor antibiotics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alkylating agents replace a hydrogen atom with an alkyl group, disrupting DNA and causing cell death. Plant alkaloids block spindle formation, antimetabolites mimic metabolic elements to halt DNA synthesis, and antitumor antibiotics interfere with DNA replication and transcription.
After chemotherapy is begun for a child with acute leukemia, prophylaxis to prevent acute tumor lysis syndrome includes which therapeutic intervention?
- A. Hydration
- B. Oxygenation
- C. Corticosteroids
- D. Pain management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydration prevents acute tumor lysis syndrome by reducing metabolic complications (e.g., hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia) from cell breakdown during leukemia treatment. Oxygenation, corticosteroids, and pain management don?t address this syndrome directly.
A young child with leukemia has anorexia and severe stomatitis. What approach should the nurse suggest that the parents try?
- A. Relax any eating pressures.
- B. Firmly insist that the child eat normally.
- C. Serve foods that are either hot or cold.
- D. Provide only liquids because chewing is painful.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Relaxing eating pressures and offering soft, bland foods with mouthwashes and anesthetics support nutrition in children with stomatitis and anorexia. Insisting on normal eating creates conflict, hot/cold foods may irritate mucosa, and liquids alone are insufficient.