ATI TEAS Science Questions

ATI TEAS Science Questions Related

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What information does a genotype provide that a phenotype does not?

  • A. The genotype necessarily includes the proteins coded for by its alleles.
  • B. The genotype will always display an organism's recessive alleles.
  • C. The genotype must include the organism's physical characteristics.
  • D. The genotype indicates what an organism's parents looked like.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The genotype provides information about the specific genetic makeup of an organism, including the alleles it possesses for a particular trait. This information is not always directly reflected in the phenotype, which is the observable physical characteristics of an organism. The genotype determines the proteins coded for by its alleles, but the phenotype is the expression of those proteins in the organism's traits. Therefore, the genotype necessarily includes the proteins coded for by its alleles, a detail not provided solely by the phenotype.\nChoice B is incorrect because the genotype may include dominant alleles as well, not just recessive ones. Choice C is incorrect because the genotype refers to genetic information, not physical characteristics. Choice D is incorrect because the genotype does not directly indicate what an organism's parents looked like; it primarily describes the genetic information inherited from parents.

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What are Mendel's laws?

  • A. Law of inheritance, law of expression
  • B. Law of segregation, law of independent assortment
  • C. Law of dominance, law of recessiveness
  • D. Law of mutation, law of crossing over
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Mendel's laws consist of the law of segregation, which states that each parent passes one allele for each trait, and the law of independent assortment, which explains that genes for different traits are inherited independently. Choice A is incorrect because 'law of expression' is not one of Mendel's laws. Choice C is incorrect because 'law of dominance' and 'law of recessiveness' do not represent the two main laws proposed by Mendel. Choice D is incorrect because 'law of mutation' and 'law of crossing over' are not part of Mendel's original laws.

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment?

  • A. Growth
  • B. Responsiveness
  • C. Reproduction
  • D. Development
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Responsiveness is the correct term that refers to the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment. In this context, growth is incorrect as it pertains to an increase in size or number, reproduction involves producing offspring, and development refers to the process of growth, maturation, and differentiation of cells and tissues. Therefore, 'Responsiveness' is the most appropriate term for the given description.

Which type of reaction typically undergoes condensation reactions?

  • A. Catabolism
  • B. Anabolism
  • C. Exothermic
  • D. Endothermic
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Anabolism.' Anabolic reactions typically involve condensation reactions, where smaller molecules are joined together to form larger molecules by releasing water as a byproduct. This process is fundamental in the synthesis of complex molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.

Choice A, 'Catabolism,' involves decomposition reactions where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, which is the opposite of condensation reactions.

Choices C and D, 'Exothermic' and 'Endothermic,' refer to the heat exchange during a reaction and are not directly related to the process of condensation reactions.

What is the hypodermis composed of?

  • A. Epithelial tissue
  • B. Adipose and areolar connective tissue
  • C. Collagen fibers
  • D. Dense connective tissue
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adipose and areolar connective tissue. The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, is primarily composed of adipose (fat) and areolar (loose) connective tissue. These tissues provide insulation, cushioning, and energy storage. Epithelial tissue (Choice A) is not a significant component of the hypodermis, as it is mainly found in the epidermis and lining of internal organs. Collagen fibers (Choice C) are more abundant in the dermis, providing strength and support. Dense connective tissue (Choice D) is also present in the dermis but is not a major component of the hypodermis.

What is the most powerful stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?

  • A. Acidosis
  • B. Alkalosis
  • C. Increase in CO2
  • D. Loss of O2
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is an increase in CO2. In a healthy individual, the primary drive to breathe is regulated by the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. When CO2 levels increase, it triggers the body to increase the rate and depth of breathing to eliminate excess CO2 and restore the balance. This response is more powerful than other stimuli such as acidosis, alkalosis, or loss of oxygen. While acidosis and alkalosis can affect breathing, an increase in CO2 has a more direct and immediate impact. Loss of oxygen (hypoxia) is a potent stimulus, but the body's response to increased CO2 levels is generally more pronounced and immediate in healthy individuals.

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