Nokea
What information should the nurse include when teaching the mother of a 9-month-old infant about administering liquid iron preparations?
- A. Give with meals.
- B. Stop immediately if nausea and vomiting occur.
- C. Adequate dosage will turn the stools a tarry green color.
- D. Allow preparation to mix with saliva and bathe the teeth before swallowing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate iron dosage turns stools tarry green, indicating sufficient absorption. Iron is best given between meals for acidic absorption, nausea may require dose adjustment, not cessation, and liquid iron should be given through a straw to avoid tooth staining.
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What statement best describes iron deficiency anemia in infants?
- A. It is caused by depression of the hematopoietic system.
- B. Diagnosis is easily made because of the infants emaciated appearance.
- C. It results from a decreased intake of milk and the premature addition of solid foods.
- D. Clinical manifestations are related to a reduction in the amount of oxygen available to tissues.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia reduces oxygen availability to tissues, causing symptoms like pallor and fatigue. The hematopoietic system produces smaller, less hemoglobin-rich RBCs, infants are often overweight from milk, and diagnosis requires lab confirmation, not appearance.
A child with severe anemia requires a unit of red blood cells (RBCs). The nurse explains to the child that the transfusion is necessary for which reason?
- A. Allow her parents to come visit her.
- B. Fight the infection that she now has.
- C. Increase her energy so she will not be so tired.
- D. Help her body stop bleeding by forming a clot (scab).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RBC transfusion increases oxygen-carrying capacity, reducing tissue hypoxia and fatigue, and preventing cardiac decompensation. It doesn?t affect visitation, isn?t for infection, and clotting is managed by platelets, not RBCs.
The regulation of red blood cell (RBC) production is thought to be controlled by which physiologic factor?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. Tissue hypoxia
- C. Reticulocyte count
- D. Number of RBCs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tissue hypoxia triggers the kidneys to release erythropoietin, stimulating bone marrow to produce RBCs. Hemoglobin levels indirectly influence this through oxygen delivery, reticulocyte count monitors production, and RBC numbers don?t directly control production.
What condition occurs when the normal adult hemoglobin is partly or completely replaced by abnormal hemoglobin?
- A. Aplastic anemia
- B. Sickle cell anemia
- C. Thalassemia major
- D. Iron deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia involves replacement of normal hemoglobin with abnormal sickled hemoglobin, a hemoglobinopathy. Aplastic anemia is bone marrow failure, thalassemia major involves reduced hemoglobin chain production, and iron deficiency affects RBC size, not hemoglobin type.
An 8-year-old girl is receiving a blood transfusion when the nurse notes that she has developed precordial pain, dyspnea, distended neck veins, slight cyanosis, and a dry cough. These manifestations are most suggestive of what complication?
- A. Air embolism
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Hemolytic reaction
- D. Circulatory overload
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Circulatory overload presents with precordial pain, dyspnea, distended neck veins, cyanosis, and dry cough due to fluid volume excess. Air embolism causes sudden respiratory distress, allergic reactions involve urticaria and wheezing, and hemolytic reactions include fever and shock.