ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet Related

Review ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet related questions and content

What instructions should the nurse give to a patient with cervical cancer who is planned to receive external-beam radiation to prevent complications from the effects of the radiation?

  • A. Test all stools for the presence of blood.
  • B. Maintain a high-residue, high-fiber diet.
  • C. Clean the perianal area carefully after every bowel movement.
  • D. Inspect the mouth and throat daily for the appearance of thrush.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clean the perianal area carefully after every bowel movement. This is important to prevent skin breakdown and infection due to the potential side effect of radiation-induced diarrhea. By maintaining good hygiene in the perianal area, the patient can reduce the risk of complications such as skin irritation and infection.

Choice A is incorrect because testing stools for the presence of blood is not directly related to preventing complications from external-beam radiation.

Choice B is incorrect because while a high-residue, high-fiber diet may be beneficial for some cancer patients, it is not specifically recommended to prevent complications from radiation therapy in this case.

Choice D is incorrect because inspecting the mouth and throat daily for thrush is more relevant for patients receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy, not specifically for those undergoing external-beam radiation.

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A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed atorvastatin. What lab test should be monitored periodically to assess for adverse effects?

  • A. Liver function tests
  • B. Complete blood count
  • C. Blood glucose levels
  • D. Serum potassium
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Atorvastatin is a statin medication commonly known to potentially cause liver damage.
2. Monitoring liver function tests periodically helps assess for any liver abnormalities.
3. Elevated liver enzymes may indicate liver injury from atorvastatin.
4. Monitoring liver function tests allows for early detection and management of adverse effects.

Summary:
A: Monitoring liver function tests is crucial due to atorvastatin's potential hepatotoxicity.
B: Complete blood count is not typically affected by atorvastatin.
C: Blood glucose levels are not directly related to atorvastatin use.
D: Serum potassium is not specifically monitored for atorvastatin-related adverse effects.

A patient with anemia is prescribed ferrous sulfate. What advice should the nurse give regarding the administration of this medication?

  • A. Take with dairy products to increase absorption.
  • B. Take on an empty stomach for best absorption.
  • C. Avoid vitamin C while taking this medication.
  • D. Take before bedtime.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Take on an empty stomach for best absorption. Ferrous sulfate is best absorbed on an empty stomach to maximize its effectiveness. When taken with food or dairy products (Choice A), the absorption of iron is reduced. Vitamin C actually enhances the absorption of iron, so avoiding it (Choice C) is not recommended. Taking the medication before bedtime (Choice D) may lead to gastrointestinal side effects and is not optimal for absorption.

When implementing patient teaching for a patient admitted with hyperglycemia and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus scheduled for discharge the second day after admission, what is the priority action for the nurse?

  • A. Instruct about the increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
  • B. Provide detailed information about dietary control of glucose.
  • C. Teach glucose self-monitoring and medication administration.
  • D. Give information about the effects of exercise on glucose control.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because teaching glucose self-monitoring and medication administration is the priority action to ensure the patient can manage their condition effectively post-discharge. This step is crucial for immediate management of hyperglycemia and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Option A is incorrect as addressing cardiovascular risk can be important but not the immediate priority. Option B is important but not as urgent as self-monitoring and medication administration. Option D is also important for long-term management but not as critical as ensuring immediate control of blood glucose levels through monitoring and medication.

A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin. Which dietary instruction should the nurse provide?

  • A. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
  • B. Increase intake of dairy products.
  • C. Limit intake of citrus fruits.
  • D. Avoid high-sodium foods.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in vitamin K. Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, so consuming high-vitamin K foods can counteract its effects. By avoiding such foods, the medication can work effectively in preventing further blood clot formation. Choice B is incorrect because dairy products do not directly interact with warfarin. Choice C is incorrect as citrus fruits do not have a significant impact on warfarin therapy. Choice D is incorrect as sodium intake is not directly related to the action of warfarin.

Why is a client with ascites scheduled for a paracentesis procedure?

  • A. To diagnose liver disease
  • B. To relieve abdominal pressure
  • C. To assess kidney function
  • D. To reduce blood pressure
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To relieve abdominal pressure. Paracentesis is performed to drain excess fluid from the abdominal cavity, which helps alleviate symptoms like abdominal distension and discomfort in clients with ascites. It does not serve the purpose of diagnosing liver disease (A), assessing kidney function (C), or reducing blood pressure (D). The primary goal of paracentesis in this context is to provide symptomatic relief by removing the accumulated fluid, thereby reducing pressure on surrounding organs and improving the client's comfort and overall well-being.

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