Nokea
What intervention is recommended for a child with severe dehydration?
- A. Oral rehydration therapy
- B. Intravenous fluid replacement
- C. High-protein diet
- D. Increased physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intravenous fluid replacement is the recommended intervention for a child with severe dehydration because it allows for rapid restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, oral rehydration therapy (Choice A) may not be tolerated due to the child's condition. A high-protein diet (Choice C) is not the primary intervention and does not address the immediate fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Increased physical activity (Choice D) is contraindicated in severe dehydration as it can exacerbate fluid loss, making intravenous fluid replacement the most suitable choice for prompt correction of the severe dehydration.
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What is a common symptom of a vitamin D deficiency in children?
- A. Frequent infections
- B. Bone pain and tenderness
- C. Excessive thirst
- D. Unexplained bruising
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bone pain and tenderness are indeed common symptoms of vitamin D deficiency in children. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health and growth. The deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing pain and tenderness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Frequent infections are not a typical symptom of vitamin D deficiency in children; excessive thirst is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes, and unexplained bruising is not directly linked to vitamin D deficiency.
How should a healthcare professional manage a child with a newly inserted gastrostomy tube?
- A. Monitor for signs of infection
- B. Increase the child's fluid intake
- C. Restrict all oral intake
- D. Use only sterile equipment for feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection at the gastrostomy site is crucial for ensuring proper care and preventing complications. This involves observing for redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage around the insertion site. Increasing the child's fluid intake (Choice B) may be beneficial for hydration but is not specifically related to managing a newly inserted gastrostomy tube. Restricting all oral intake (Choice C) is not necessary as long as the healthcare professional follows the recommended guidelines for feeding. While using sterile equipment for feedings (Choice D) is important, monitoring for signs of infection takes precedence in the immediate post-insertion period.
What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Decreased urination
- B. Dry mouth and lips
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Normal skin turgor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.
What is an important consideration when caring for a child with epilepsy?
- A. Adherence to prescribed anticonvulsant medication
- B. Avoiding all forms of exercise
- C. Limiting social interactions
- D. Increasing dietary caffeine intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adherence to prescribed anticonvulsant medication is crucial when caring for a child with epilepsy. It is essential for managing the condition effectively and reducing the frequency of seizures. Choice B is incorrect because exercise, when done safely and under supervision, can be beneficial for children with epilepsy by promoting overall health. Choice C is incorrect as social interactions are important for the child's emotional well-being and should not be limited. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dietary caffeine intake can potentially trigger seizures in some individuals with epilepsy.
What is the main function of proteins in the body?
- A. They provide structural components for the body.
- B. They assist in the absorption of vitamins.
- C. They help with the transport of nutrients in the blood.
- D. They help maintain fluid balance in the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The main function of proteins in the body is to provide structural components like muscles, skin, and bones. Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. While proteins play a role in various physiological functions, their primary function is not to assist in the absorption of vitamins (Choice B), help with the transport of nutrients in the blood (Choice C), or maintain fluid balance (Choice D).