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What is 119 K in degrees Celsius?
- A. 32°C
- B. -154°C
- C. 154°C
- D. 0°C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To convert Kelvin (K) to Celsius (°C), you subtract 273.15 from the Kelvin value. Therefore, 119 K - 273.15 = -154.15°C. The negative sign indicates that the temperature is below freezing. When rounded to the nearest whole number, -154.15°C is approximately -154°C. Choice A and Choice C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct conversion from Kelvin to Celsius. Choice D is incorrect as it corresponds to the freezing point of water in Celsius, not the conversion of 119 K.
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Which of the following best describes an endothermic reaction?
- A. A reaction that absorbs heat
- B. A reaction that releases heat
- C. A reaction that does not involve heat
- D. A reaction that remains at a constant temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An endothermic reaction is a process that absorbs heat from its surroundings. When a reaction absorbs heat, it leads to a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings, making choice A the correct description. In an endothermic reaction, energy is taken in from the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature around the reaction site. Choice B is incorrect because a reaction that releases heat is known as an exothermic reaction. Choice C is incorrect as all reactions involve heat to some extent. Choice D is incorrect as an endothermic reaction does not remain at a constant temperature but rather absorbs heat, leading to a temperature decrease in the surroundings.
What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt?
- A. Neutralization reaction
- B. Decomposition reaction
- C. Combustion reaction
- D. Redox reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A neutralization reaction is the correct answer. In this type of reaction, an acid and a base combine to form water and salt. The acid donates a proton (H+) to the base, forming water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. This reaction results in the neutralization of both the acid and the base, hence the name 'neutralization reaction.'
Choice B, decomposition reaction, is incorrect because it refers to a reaction where a compound breaks down into simpler substances.
Choice C, combustion reaction, is incorrect as it involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light.
Choice D, redox reaction, is incorrect because it involves the transfer of electrons between reactants.
What is the chemical symbol for sodium?
- A. N
- B. Na
- C. Cl
- D. H
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct chemical symbol for sodium is 'Na.' In the periodic table, sodium is represented by the symbol 'Na,' derived from its Latin name 'natrium.' The symbol 'N' represents nitrogen, not sodium. 'Cl' is the symbol for chlorine, and 'H' is the symbol for hydrogen. Therefore, 'Na' is the correct chemical symbol for sodium.
Which substance is a product of photosynthesis?
- A. Carbon dioxide
- B. Oxygen
- C. Water
- D. Glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During photosynthesis, plants and other organisms convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Glucose is a carbohydrate produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis, serving as their main source of energy. Oxygen is released as a byproduct of this process, while carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials used to produce glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Glucose,' making it a vital product of the photosynthesis process. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as carbon dioxide and water are the reactants needed for photosynthesis, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.
Which chemical reaction involves the breaking of a compound into its components?
- A. Decomposition reaction
- B. Combustion reaction
- C. Neutralization reaction
- D. Single displacement reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decomposition reaction. A decomposition reaction involves breaking down a compound into its components. During this reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. This process is the opposite of a synthesis reaction where multiple substances combine to form a more complex compound. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because combustion reaction involves burning a substance in oxygen, neutralization reaction involves the reaction between an acid and a base to form water and a salt, and single displacement reaction involves an element displacing another in a compound.