Nokea
What is a characteristic of structured interviews?
- A. Do not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview
- B. Are flexible because questions are phrased differently for each participant
- C. Bring together a wide range of information on one person
- D. Tell researchers little about the reasoning behind participants' responses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Structured interviews do not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview because they involve a set of standardized questions that are asked in the same way to all participants. This lack of flexibility may limit the depth and richness of the responses obtained compared to a more open-ended clinical interview. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because structured interviews are not flexible in question phrasing, do not necessarily bring together a wide range of information on one person, and can provide insights into participants' reasoning behind responses depending on the design of the structured questions.
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According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is simply one of amount or complexity.
- A. nature
- B. discontinuous
- C. nurture
- D. continuous
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is seen as simply one of amount or complexity. This view suggests that development is a gradual and continuous process where individuals steadily acquire new abilities without abrupt changes or stages. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because nature, discontinuous, and nurture do not align with the description provided in the question. Nature typically refers to genetic or biological factors, discontinuous implies stages or abrupt changes, and nurture relates to environmental influences, none of which are synonymous with the continuous view of development.
During prenatal development, the ectoderm folds over to form the __________, or primitive spinal cord.
- A. mesoderm; neuron tract
- B. neural tube
- C. endoderm; neural tube
- D. neuron tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. During prenatal development, the ectoderm folds over to form the neural tube, which eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord. The neural tube is the precursor to the central nervous system, including the primitive spinal cord. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the mesoderm does not form the neural tube, the endoderm is not involved in the formation of the central nervous system, and neuron tract is not the structure that forms the primitive spinal cord.
Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating __________, which are heavily contaminated with __________.
- A. long-lived predatory fish; mercury
- B. freshwater fish; lead
- C. long-lived predatory fish; polychlorinated biphenyls
- D. freshwater fish; radiation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating long-lived predatory fish, which are heavily contaminated with mercury. Mercury is a known teratogen, meaning it can negatively impact the development of the fetus and lead to birth defects. It is recommended that pregnant women choose fish with lower levels of mercury to reduce potential risks to the baby's health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radiation are not typically found in fish at levels that pose significant risks to pregnant women and the developing fetus.
A major limitation of systematic observation is that it __________.
- A. provides little information on how participants actually behave
- B. tells investigators little about the reasoning behind responses and behaviors
- C. underestimates the capacities of individuals who have difficulty putting their thoughts into words
- D. ignores participants with poor memories, who may have trouble recalling exactly what happened
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A major limitation of systematic observation is that it tells investigators little about the reasoning behind responses and behaviors. Systematic observation focuses more on recording observable behaviors rather than delving into the underlying reasons or thought processes driving those behaviors. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because systematic observation can indeed provide detailed information on how participants actually behave, it doesn't necessarily underestimate the capacities of individuals who struggle with verbal expression, and it doesn't solely ignore participants with poor memories as it can capture behavior in real-time regardless of memory recall.
Liz is 36 weeks pregnant. A rise in her baby's heart rate is probably followed within five seconds by __________.
- A. a burst of motor activity
- B. a period of sleep
- C. a rise in Liz's heart rate
- D. a drop in Liz's body temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A rise in the baby's heart rate during pregnancy is usually followed within five seconds by a burst of motor activity. This indicates that the baby is responding to stimuli and is an important sign of healthy fetal development. A period of sleep, a rise in Liz's heart rate, or a drop in Liz's body temperature are not typically immediate responses to changes in the baby's heart rate. Sleep is less likely to be a direct response to changes in heart rate, Liz's heart rate is independent of the baby's heart rate changes, and a drop in Liz's body temperature is not a common immediate response to fetal heart rate changes.