Nokea
What is a classic sign of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns?
- A. Jaundice
- B. Hypothermia
- C. Prolonged jaundice
- D. Excessive crying
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolonged jaundice is a classic sign of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns. In congenital hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like jaundice, poor feeding, constipation, and lethargy. While jaundice itself is a common condition in newborns, the term 'prolonged jaundice' specifically points towards the underlying thyroid issue. Hypothermia and excessive crying are not typically associated with congenital hypothyroidism.
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What is the therapeutic intervention that provides the best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis?
- A. Nutritional support
- B. Liver transplantation
- C. Blood component therapy
- D. Treatment with corticosteroids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Liver transplantation offers the best chance of survival for children with cirrhosis, especially in advanced stages where the liver can no longer function effectively. Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. While nutritional support, blood component therapy, and corticosteroids may be part of the treatment plan to manage symptoms and complications, they do not address the underlying cause of cirrhosis or provide a cure like liver transplantation does.
A child has been diagnosed with a Wilms tumor. What should preoperative nursing care include?
- A. Careful bathing and handling
- B. Monitoring of behavioral status
- C. Maintenance of strict isolation
- D. Administration of packed red blood cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Careful bathing and handling. Preoperative care for a child with a Wilms tumor should focus on preventing any trauma to the abdomen, which could lead to tumor rupture. Monitoring behavioral status and maintaining strict isolation are not as critical in this situation. Behavioral status is important but not a priority in preoperative care for a Wilms tumor. Strict isolation is not necessary unless there are specific infectious concerns, which is not typically the case for a Wilms tumor. Administration of packed red blood cells is not a standard preoperative intervention for Wilms tumor.
What should preoperative care of a newborn with an anorectal malformation include?
- A. Frequent suctioning
- B. Gastrointestinal decompression
- C. Feedings with sterile water only
- D. Supine position with head elevated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preoperative care for a newborn with an anorectal malformation should include feedings with sterile water only. This approach is important to avoid complications before surgery. Gastrointestinal decompression is necessary to prevent abdominal distention and potential aspiration, making choice B incorrect. Frequent suctioning and placing the newborn in a supine position with the head elevated are not typically part of the preoperative care protocol for an anorectal malformation, thus choices A and D are incorrect.
What is the first step in treating a child with suspected anaphylaxis?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Start an IV line
- C. Give epinephrine
- D. Monitor vital signs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give epinephrine. Administering epinephrine is the first and most critical step in treating anaphylaxis. Epinephrine rapidly reverses the symptoms of anaphylaxis, including airway swelling, hypotension, and shock. Delaying administration can lead to severe complications or death, making it essential in emergency treatment. Choice A, administering oxygen, might be necessary but should not delay the administration of epinephrine. Starting an IV line (Choice B) is important for further treatment but not the initial step. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is essential but comes after administering epinephrine to stabilize the child.
What dietary modification is recommended for a child with cystic fibrosis?
- A. High carbohydrate
- B. Low protein
- C. High calorie
- D. Low fat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-calorie diet is recommended for children with cystic fibrosis due to their increased energy needs and malabsorption issues. Cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas, leading to poor digestion and absorption of nutrients, particularly fats, which requires dietary adjustments to maintain adequate nutrition. High carbohydrate (Choice A) is not the primary focus; the emphasis is on overall calorie intake. Low protein (Choice B) is not recommended as protein intake is essential for growth and development. Low fat (Choice D) is not the best option as fat-soluble vitamin absorption is already compromised in cystic fibrosis, hence fat restriction is not a priority.