Nokea
What is a classic sign of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns?
- A. Jaundice
- B. Hypothermia
- C. Prolonged jaundice
- D. Excessive crying
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolonged jaundice is a classic sign of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns. In congenital hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like jaundice, poor feeding, constipation, and lethargy. While jaundice itself is a common condition in newborns, the term 'prolonged jaundice' specifically points towards the underlying thyroid issue. Hypothermia and excessive crying are not typically associated with congenital hypothyroidism.
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Which of the following is the best indicator of a child's nutritional status?
- A. Weight
- B. Height
- C. Head circumference
- D. Mid-upper arm circumference
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mid-upper arm circumference is a good indicator of muscle mass and fat stores, reflecting a child's nutritional status. It is particularly useful in assessing malnutrition, as it is less affected by fluid retention or dehydration compared to other anthropometric measurements. Weight can fluctuate due to factors like hydration status, making it less reliable as a sole indicator of nutritional status. Height reflects growth but may not directly indicate current nutritional status. Head circumference is more related to brain growth and development rather than overall nutritional status.
What is a common sign of moderate dehydration in children?
- A. Dry mucous membranes
- B. Normal capillary refill
- C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
- D. Edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a common sign of moderate dehydration in children, indicating a loss of bodily fluids. When a child is moderately dehydrated, the mucous membranes in the mouth and nose may appear dry. This condition can occur due to various factors such as vomiting, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake. Normal capillary refill (choice B) is not typically associated with dehydration; it is a measure of circulatory status. Hyperactive bowel sounds (choice C) can be present in conditions like gastroenteritis but are not specific to dehydration. Edema (choice D) is the retention of fluid in the body and is not a typical sign of dehydration.
The nurse is preparing to care for a newborn with an omphalocele. The nurse should understand that care of the infant should include what intervention?
- A. Initiating breast or bottle-feedings to stabilize the blood glucose level
- B. Maintaining pain management with an intravenous opioid
- C. Covering the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to prevent injury
- D. Performing immediate surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority intervention for an infant with an omphalocele is to cover the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to protect the exposed organs and prevent infection. This intervention is crucial to prevent injury and maintain the infant's safety. Initiating feedings or maintaining pain management are not the immediate priorities in the care of an infant with an omphalocele. Performing immediate surgery may be required in the future, but initially, covering the bowel is the first critical step in management.
The nurse is preparing to admit a 10-year-old child with appendicitis. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Fever
- B. Vomiting
- C. Tachycardia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct! Typical signs of appendicitis include fever, vomiting, and tachycardia due to infection and inflammation. These clinical manifestations are commonly observed in patients with appendicitis. Hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with appendicitis, so they are not expected findings in this situation. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'
What intervention is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Apply cold compresses
- C. Restrict fluids
- D. Encourage bed rest
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child as it helps to prevent further sickling of cells. Oxygen therapy can improve oxygen saturation levels, reducing the risk of tissue damage and complications. Applying cold compresses (choice B) is not recommended as it can potentially worsen vaso-occlusive crisis by causing vasoconstriction. Restricting fluids (choice C) is not appropriate as hydration is essential to prevent dehydration and maintain adequate blood flow. Encouraging bed rest (choice D) may be necessary but administering oxygen takes precedence in managing a sickle cell crisis.