Nokea
What is a common cause of a tsunami?
- A. Earthquakes
- B. Sunspot activity
- C. Lightning strikes
- D. Flooding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Earthquakes are a common cause of tsunamis. When an earthquake occurs under the ocean, it can displace a large volume of water, triggering a series of powerful waves known as a tsunami. Sunspot activity, lightning strikes, and flooding do not directly cause tsunamis. Therefore, the correct answer is earthquakes, as they are the primary geological event that leads to the formation of tsunamis.
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The breakdown of lactose in the small intestine is mediated by the enzyme lactase, and the products are galactose and glucose. Galactose and glucose are which of the following?
- A. Disaccharides
- B. Oligosaccharides
- C. Polysaccharides
- D. Monosaccharides
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Galactose and glucose are both simple sugars consisting of single sugar units. Therefore, they are classified as monosaccharides. This makes option D the correct answer.
If A represents atomic mass and Z represents atomic number, which of the following describes an atom after a proton is emitted from its nucleus?
- A. A+1, Z-1
- B. A-1, Z+1
- C. A+1, Z+1
- D. A-1, Z-1
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a proton is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the atomic mass (A) remains the same while the atomic number (Z) decreases by 1. This is because a proton carries a positive charge and has a mass of 1 atomic mass unit. Therefore, the correct description after the emission of a proton is A-1, Z-1. The atomic mass decreases by 1 because a proton is lost, and the atomic number decreases by 1 since the nucleus loses a positively charged particle.
Which of the following are the major parts of the nervous system?
- A. PNS and Somatic Nervous System
- B. Autonomic Nervous System and CNS
- C. PNS and CNS
- D. Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system comprises two major parts: the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Choice C (PNS and CNS) correctly identifies the primary divisions of the nervous system, encompassing both the peripheral and central components. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Which of the following types of cells stimulates other immune cells to attack and destroy foreign agents?
- A. Cytotoxic T-cells
- B. Natural killer cells
- C. Helper T-cells
- D. Plasma cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Helper T-cells play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response by activating and directing other immune cells, such as cytotoxic T-cells and macrophages, to attack and eliminate foreign invaders. They achieve this through the release of signaling molecules called cytokines, which regulate the immune system's response to infections and other challenges. Helper T-cells are also involved in activating B-cells to produce antibodies. Natural killer cells, on the other hand, are part of the innate immune system and can directly kill infected or abnormal cells without prior activation.
Where do both digestion and absorption occur in the digestive system?
- A. Stomach
- B. Esophagus
- C. Gallbladder
- D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Both digestion and absorption take place in the small intestine. The small intestine is a crucial organ where the breakdown of food into smaller molecules, digestion, occurs with the help of enzymes. This process is essential for the absorption of nutrients, where the smaller molecules are taken up by the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. While the stomach aids in digestion through the action of gastric juices, the esophagus serves as a tube for food passage, and the gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. However, neither digestion nor absorption occurs in the stomach, esophagus, or gallbladder, making the small intestine the correct answer for both processes.