Nokea
What is a common preconception risk factor that can impact pregnancy outcomes?
- A. lack of exercise prior to pregnancy
- B. chronic caffeine intake
- C. high fat diet
- D. lack of immunizations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, lack of immunizations. Immunizations protect pregnant individuals from serious infections that can harm both the mother and the baby. Infections like influenza and pertussis can lead to complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and even fetal death. Ensuring that pregnant individuals are up to date on their immunizations helps safeguard their health and the health of their unborn child.
Choice A, lack of exercise, may impact pregnancy outcomes, but it is not as significant as the risk posed by lack of immunizations in terms of preventing serious complications. Chronic caffeine intake (Choice B) and high-fat diet (Choice C) can also have negative effects on pregnancy outcomes, but they are not as directly linked to potential harm for the mother and baby as the lack of immunizations.
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The nurse is performing a prenatal assessment. What finding is considered a positive sign of pregnancy?
- A. Positive pregnancy test.
- B. Auscultation of fetal heart tones.
- C. Hegar's sign.
- D. Chadwick's sign.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, auscultation of fetal heart tones, because it is a definitive sign of pregnancy indicating the presence of a fetus. This can be heard around 10-12 weeks of gestation using a Doppler device. It is a positive sign as it directly confirms the existence of a developing fetus.
A: A positive pregnancy test is a probable sign and can indicate pregnancy but is not definitive.
C: Hegar's sign is a probable sign characterized by softening of the lower uterine segment, not specific to pregnancy.
D: Chadwick's sign is a probable sign of pregnancy indicated by bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia, not a definitive sign of pregnancy.
A nurse is receiving laboratory results for a term newborn who is 24 hr. old. Which of the following results require intervention by the nurse?
- A. WBC count 10,000/mm3
- B. Platelets 180,000/mm3
- C. Hemoglobin 20g/dL
- D. Glucose 20 mg/dL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a glucose level of 20 mg/dL in a term newborn is significantly low and requires immediate intervention by the nurse. Low glucose levels can lead to hypoglycemia, which can be harmful to the newborn's brain development and overall health. A WBC count of 10,000/mm3 is within normal range for a newborn. Platelets of 180,000/mm3 and hemoglobin of 20g/dL are also within normal limits for a term newborn and do not require intervention.
Nutrition is an integral part of the Bradley Method. What important nutrition advice is taught in this method?
- A. Only eat low-fat foods.
- B. Increase protein to 100 g per day.
- C. Do not eat dairy because it causes food allergies.
- D. Eat a low-protein diet.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the Bradley Method emphasizes the importance of increasing protein intake to support a healthy pregnancy. Protein is essential for fetal development and maternal health. It is recommended to consume around 100g of protein per day during pregnancy. Adequate protein intake helps in the growth of the baby and helps to maintain the health of the mother.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Only eat low-fat foods - This is incorrect as fat is also important for a healthy pregnancy and should not be eliminated entirely.
C: Do not eat dairy because it causes food allergies - Dairy is a good source of calcium and other essential nutrients during pregnancy, so this advice is not recommended.
D: Eat a low-protein diet - This is incorrect as protein is crucial for the development of the baby and overall health during pregnancy.
After ovulation, what does the ruptured follicle in the ovary transform into?
- A. Corpus luteum
- B. Corpus cavernosum
- C. Corpus callosum
- D. Corpus albicans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum. This structure secretes hormones like progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Corpus cavernosum is erectile tissue found in the penis.
C: Corpus callosum is a structure in the brain connecting the two hemispheres.
D: Corpus albicans is the remnant of the corpus luteum if pregnancy doesn't occur.
A client in the second stage of labor reports intense rectal pressure. What does this finding indicate?
- A. The baby is in a breech position.
- B. Cervical dilation is incomplete.
- C. The baby is descending into the birth canal.
- D. Labor contractions are ineffective.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: In the second stage of labor, the baby is descending into the birth canal for delivery.
Step 2: Intense rectal pressure is a common sensation as the baby moves down.
Step 3: This indicates progress in labor as the baby is descending.
Step 4: Choice A is incorrect as breech position presents differently.
Step 5: Choice B is incorrect as incomplete cervical dilation may not cause rectal pressure.
Step 6: Choice D is incorrect as effective labor contractions are needed for descent.