Nokea
What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Decreased urination
- B. Dry mouth and lips
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Normal skin turgor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.
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What is one benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment?
- A. Chance variation is less likely to affect the results.
- B. The possibility of a placebo effect is eliminated.
- C. The experiment will be double-blind.
- D. The control group will be similar to the experimental group.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Using a large sample size reduces the likelihood of chance variation affecting the results, providing more reliable data. Choice B is incorrect because the placebo effect is related to participants' beliefs, not sample size. Choice C is incorrect as double-blind refers to a method of reducing bias, not directly related to sample size. Choice D is incorrect because the similarity between the control and experimental groups is not solely dependent on sample size.
Your friend Carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and tells you that she feels a lot better. Her statement to you is best described as what?
- A. an anecdote
- B. theory
- C. interpretation
- D. conclusion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'an anecdote.' An anecdote is a personal account or experience, not necessarily backed by scientific evidence. In this case, Carrie's statement about feeling better after taking vitamin C is based on her personal experience and does not constitute scientific evidence or a generalizable conclusion. Choice B, 'theory,' would imply a systematic explanation based on scientific evidence, which is not the case here. Choice C, 'interpretation,' typically involves explaining or understanding something based on available information, not a personal account. Choice D, 'conclusion,' would be a general statement derived from specific information or facts, which is not applicable in this context.
What is an important dietary consideration for a child with cystic fibrosis?
- A. High-calorie, high-fat diet
- B. Low-sugar diet
- C. Increased dietary fiber
- D. High-sodium diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a child with cystic fibrosis, an important dietary consideration is a high-calorie, high-fat diet. This type of diet helps address malabsorption issues commonly seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis and supports adequate growth and development. High-calorie, high-fat foods are recommended to help meet the increased energy needs of these individuals. Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate dietary considerations for a child with cystic fibrosis. A low-sugar diet may not provide enough calories for optimal growth, increased dietary fiber may exacerbate issues related to malabsorption, and a high-sodium diet is generally not recommended due to the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in individuals with cystic fibrosis.
What is a primary intervention for a child with a suspected respiratory infection?
- A. Administer antiviral medications
- B. Increase fluid intake and rest
- C. Restrict all physical activity
- D. Provide high-dose vitamin supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake and rest is a primary intervention for a child with a suspected respiratory infection because it helps support the body's recovery and maintains hydration levels. Antiviral medications (Choice A) are only used for specific viral infections and are not routinely recommended for suspected respiratory infections. Restricting physical activity (Choice C) may be necessary in certain cases to prevent overexertion, but it is not a primary intervention. Providing high-dose vitamin supplements (Choice D) may support the immune system in general but is not a primary intervention for a suspected respiratory infection.
What is critical for preventing complications in an infant with hypothyroidism?
- A. Excessive growth
- B. Cognitive impairment
- C. Damage to the nervous system
- D. Damage to the urinary system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cognitive impairment. In infants with hypothyroidism, prompt administration of oral thyroid hormone replacement is crucial to prevent cognitive impairment and other serious complications. Excessive growth (choice A) is not a typical complication of hypothyroidism in infants. While hypothyroidism can affect the nervous system (choice C), cognitive impairment is more specific to untreated cases. Damage to the urinary system (choice D) is not a common complication of hypothyroidism in infants.