Nokea
What is a common sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants?
- A. Dislocated patella
- B. Limited abduction of the hip
- C. Swelling of the knee
- D. Hyperextension of the leg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Limited abduction of the hip is a common sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants. It indicates possible hip dislocation or instability, making it a key clinical manifestation to assess for DDH. Dislocated patella (Choice A) is not typically associated with DDH. Swelling of the knee (Choice C) and hyperextension of the leg (Choice D) are not specific signs linked to DDH in infants, further supporting why they are incorrect choices.
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What is the key to preventing recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis?
- A. Routine use of antibiotics
- B. Daily chest physiotherapy
- C. Increased fluid intake
- D. Dietary supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Daily chest physiotherapy. Daily chest physiotherapy is essential in cystic fibrosis as it helps in clearing mucus from the lungs, reducing the frequency of respiratory infections. Antibiotics (Choice A) may treat infections but are not the key preventive measure. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) and dietary supplements (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health but do not directly prevent recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis.
What should be included in the medical management of a sickle cell crisis?
- A. Information for parents on home care
- B. Adequate hydration and pain management
- C. Pain management and iron supplements
- D. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adequate hydration and pain management. During a sickle cell crisis, it is essential to provide hydration to prevent vaso-occlusive events and manage pain effectively with analgesics. Adequate hydration helps maintain blood flow and prevent further sickling of red blood cells. Pain management is crucial to alleviate the severe pain associated with sickle cell crises. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Providing information for parents on home care (Option A) may be important for ongoing management but is not specific to an acute crisis. Iron supplements (Option C) are not typically indicated during a sickle cell crisis. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII (Option D) are not primary interventions for managing a sickle cell crisis; instead, oxygen therapy may be considered in severe cases, and factor VIII is not a standard treatment for sickle cell disease.
What is a common early sign of type 1 diabetes in children?
- A. Excessive thirst and frequent urination
- B. Severe abdominal pain
- C. Frequent headaches
- D. Sudden weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive thirst and frequent urination are common early signs of type 1 diabetes in children. These symptoms occur due to high blood glucose levels, leading to increased thirst and urination. Severe abdominal pain (choice B) is not typically associated with type 1 diabetes. Although frequent headaches (choice C) can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to type 1 diabetes as excessive thirst and frequent urination. Sudden weight gain (choice D) is not a common early sign of type 1 diabetes; in fact, unexplained weight loss is more characteristic of the condition.
What is a primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children?
- A. Promote weight maintenance
- B. Prevent episodes of hypoglycemia
- C. Ensure normal growth and development
- D. Optimize blood sugar control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children is to ensure normal growth and development. This involves maintaining stable blood glucose levels to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because promoting weight gain is not a primary goal in managing diabetes; rather, the aim is to maintain a healthy weight. Option B is not the primary goal; although it is important to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia, the main focus is on overall management. Option D is incorrect as optimizing blood sugar control is a means to achieve the primary goal, which is ensuring normal growth and development.
What is the primary goal in managing a child with asthma?
- A. Prevent triggering asthma attacks
- B. Avoid triggering asthma attacks
- C. Administer corticosteroids
- D. Increase physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with asthma is to avoid triggering asthma attacks. This involves managing allergens, ensuring proper medication use, and creating an asthma action plan. Choice A is incorrect because the goal is to avoid triggering asthma attacks, not necessarily to prevent recurrent infections. Choice C is incorrect as corticosteroids are a treatment option but not the primary goal of asthma management. Choice D is incorrect because although physical activity is important, the primary goal is to prevent asthma attacks and manage symptoms effectively.