Nokea
What is a common symptom of congenital heart disease in infants?
- A. Excessive weight gain
- B. Difficulty breathing
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Difficulty breathing is a common symptom of congenital heart disease in infants. Infants with congenital heart disease may experience difficulty breathing due to impaired cardiac function, which affects the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. This symptom is often due to issues like heart failure or fluid accumulation in the lungs. Excessive weight gain (Choice A) is not typically associated with congenital heart disease in infants. High blood pressure (Choice C) is less common in infants with congenital heart disease compared to adults. Increased appetite (Choice D) is not a typical symptom of congenital heart disease in infants.
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What is a common early sign of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) in infants?
- A. High fever
- B. Nasal congestion
- C. Rash
- D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. What should you have done?
- A. Giving all the boys the vitamin C and the girls the placebo, and telling them what they were getting.
- B. Distributing the bottles randomly, randomizing the subjects, and telling them what they were getting.
- C. Telling the subjects which group they were in, but preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles.
- D. Preventing yourself from knowing what is in the pill bottles, and distributing the bottles randomly to the subjects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct approach in a scientific experiment is to prevent yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles and distribute them randomly to the subjects. This randomization helps to avoid bias and ensures that the results are not influenced by preconceived notions. Option A is incorrect because it introduces gender bias by assigning pills based on gender. Option B is incorrect as it mentions telling the subjects what they are getting, which could lead to placebo effects. Option C is incorrect as it suggests disclosing group information to the subjects, which can also introduce bias.
After surgical repair of a cleft palate, what should be used to prevent injury to the suture line?
- A. Straw
- B. Spoon
- C. Syringe
- D. Cup
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Syringe. Using a syringe helps in feeding without causing injury to the suture line after cleft palate repair because it avoids direct contact with the suture area. Straws and spoons can potentially put pressure on the suture line, leading to injury. Cups may not provide the necessary control to prevent contact with the suture line, unlike a syringe.
What is the primary symptom of a urinary tract infection in young children?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Abdominal pain
- C. Vomiting
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Fever. In young children, fever is a common primary symptom of a urinary tract infection, often accompanied by irritability and discomfort. Frequent urination (Choice A) is a symptom more commonly seen in adults with UTIs. While abdominal pain (Choice B) and vomiting (Choice C) can be present, they are not as primary as fever in young children with UTIs.
Why is randomization important in a scientific experiment?
- A. To minimize the impact of confounding variables.
- B. To eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups.
- C. To contribute to the accuracy and validity of the experiment's results.
- D. To prevent systematic differences between groups.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Randomization is crucial in a scientific experiment to eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups. By randomly assigning subjects, it helps ensure that any differences observed in the outcomes are due to the experimental treatment and not to preexisting differences between groups. Choice A is incorrect because randomization does not guarantee representativeness but rather minimizes the impact of confounding variables. Choice C is not entirely accurate; while randomization can contribute to accuracy and validity, its primary purpose is to reduce bias. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of randomization is not to balance the number of subjects but to prevent systematic differences between groups.