Nokea
What is a condition in which there is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus?
- A. amniotic fluid embolism
- B. gestational diabetes
- C. oligohydramnios
- D. polyhydramnios
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: polyhydramnios. Polyhydramnios is a condition characterized by an excessive amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can occur due to various reasons such as fetal malformations, multiple gestations, or maternal diabetes. The excess fluid can lead to complications such as preterm labor or fetal malpresentation.
A: Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare and life-threatening condition where amniotic fluid enters the maternal bloodstream, causing an allergic reaction.
B: Gestational diabetes is a condition where high blood sugar levels develop during pregnancy, but it is not directly related to the amount of amniotic fluid.
C: Oligohydramnios is the opposite of polyhydramnios, characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, which can also lead to complications.
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What is a complication of uterine rupture?
- A. DIC
- B. nuchal cord
- C. polyhydramnios
- D. oligohydramnios
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation). Uterine rupture can lead to severe bleeding, causing DIC. This is because the release of blood into the abdomen triggers the body's clotting system, resulting in the consumption of clotting factors and platelets. This can lead to widespread clotting in small blood vessels and ultimately result in bleeding disorders.
Summary:
- B: Nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck, not directly related to uterine rupture.
- C: Polyhydramnios is excessive amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture.
- D: Oligohydramnios is decreased amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture.
A nurse is examining a G1P0 who is 10 weeks gestation. The nurse notes a bluish coloration of her cervix. The nurse should document this finding as which positive sign?
- A. Quickening
- B. Goodell’s sign
- C. Chadwick’s sign
- D. Hegar’s sign
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chadwick's sign. Chadwick's sign refers to the bluish coloration of the cervix due to increased vascularity in early pregnancy. This is a positive sign of pregnancy, indicating the presence of hormonal changes and increased blood flow to the cervix. Quickening is the first fetal movements felt by the mother, typically around 18-20 weeks gestation. Goodell's sign refers to the softening of the cervix, not discoloration. Hegar's sign is the softening of the lower uterine segment, also not related to discoloration. Chadwick's sign specifically describes the bluish discoloration of the cervix due to increased blood flow, making it the correct answer in this scenario.
The nurse in the post-delivery unit is encouraging skin-to-skin contact for a mother and neonate after cesarean delivery. Which action, if noticed by the nurse, requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Mother is sitting up with the neonate prone on her chest.
- B. Mother is supine with the neonate prone on her chest.
- C. The neonate is prone on mother’s chest and facing to the side.
- D. Neonate is prone with mother resting in semi-Fowler’s position.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B is the correct answer because having the mother in a supine position with the neonate prone on her chest can potentially increase the risk of neonatal suffocation or accidental injury due to the baby slipping off. This position restricts the baby's ability to breathe properly and may lead to adverse outcomes.
A: Sitting up with the neonate prone on her chest allows for better supervision and support for the baby's breathing.
C: The neonate facing to the side is a safe position for skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.
D: Neonate resting in semi-Fowler's position is a safe and comfortable position that allows for proper breathing and bonding between mother and baby.
Which medications could potentially cause hyperstimulation of the uterus during labor? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Oxytocin (Pitocin)
- B. Misoprostol (Cytote
- C. Dinoprostone (Cervidil)
- D. Methylergonovine maleate (Methergin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oxytocin (Pitocin). Oxytocin is a uterotonic agent commonly used to induce or augment labor. It can cause hyperstimulation of the uterus, leading to uterine hypertonicity and potentially compromising fetal oxygenation. Misoprostol, Dinoprostone, and Methylergonovine maleate are not known to cause hyperstimulation of the uterus during labor.
When the mother's membranes rupture during active labor, the fetal heart rate should be observed for the occurrence of which periodic pattern?
- A. Early decelerations
- B. Variable decelerations
- C. Nonperiodic accelerations
- D. Increase in baseline variability
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Variable decelerations. When the mother's membranes rupture during active labor, variable decelerations should be observed in the fetal heart rate. This is because the rupture of membranes can lead to umbilical cord compression, causing variable decelerations in the fetal heart rate pattern. Variable decelerations are characterized by abrupt and visually apparent decreases in heart rate variability.
A: Early decelerations are usually associated with head compression during contractions and are benign.
C: Nonperiodic accelerations are not a typical pattern seen in response to ruptured membranes during labor.
D: An increase in baseline variability is a positive sign and does not specifically indicate the occurrence of variable decelerations related to umbilical cord compression.