Cardiovascular System Exam

Cardiovascular System Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam related questions and content

What is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque?

  • A. Atherosclerosis
  • B. Aneurysm
  • C. Arrhythmia
  • D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the condition where arteries supplying blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildup, leading to decreased blood flow and potential heart issues. Aneurysm (B) is the weakening and bulging of an artery wall, not related to plaque buildup. Arrhythmia (C) is an irregular heartbeat, not directly related to arterial blockages. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowing of arteries in the limbs, not specifically related to the heart. Thus, Atherosclerosis is the most fitting choice for the given condition.

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An evaluation of Mrs. M.'s response to anticoagulant therapy for her arterial occlusion should include

  • A. increased claudication
  • B. decreased blood pressure
  • C. compliance to skin care
  • D. improvement of symptoms
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Improvement in symptoms is a key indicator of effective anticoagulant therapy.

Which of the following conditions is identified by a P wave notch in the ECG of a client?

  • A. Aortic stenosis
  • B. Mitral regurgitation
  • C. Aortic regurgitation
  • D. Mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A P wave notch on an ECG suggests mitral stenosis, indicating delayed conduction through the atria.

The client on furosemide (Lasix) is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

  • A. Hyperkalemia
  • B. Hypokalemia
  • C. Hyponatremia
  • D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases potassium excretion in the urine, leading to low potassium levels in the body. Hypokalemia can result in muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and other serious complications. Hyperkalemia (choice A) is the opposite condition of high potassium levels and is not typically associated with furosemide use. Hyponatremia (choice C) is a low sodium level, which may be a potential side effect of furosemide but is not the primary electrolyte imbalance to be concerned about. Hypernatremia (choice D) is high sodium levels and is not directly related to furosemide use.

If Mr. Lane, with essential hypertension, complains of dizziness when changing position, your evaluation would be that Mr. Lane

  • A. is probably not taking his medications properly
  • B. should be instructed in preventing hypotensive reactions
  • C. is responding as expected to the prescribed medications
  • D. should be totally reevaluated
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dizziness may indicate postural hypotension, requiring preventive education.

A client is admitted to the hospital with a dysrhythmia. Which of the following is the most common cause of dysrhythmias?

  • A. Hypothermia
  • B. Metabolic acidosis
  • C. Drug therapy
  • D. Ischemic heart disease
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of dysrhythmias due to compromised blood flow to the heart muscle.

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