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What is a life-threatening condition where the heart suddenly stops beating?
- A. Cardiac arrest
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Heart failure
- D. Atrial fibrillation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency where the heart stops beating suddenly. This leads to the cessation of blood flow to vital organs, causing loss of consciousness and death if not treated immediately with CPR and defibrillation. Myocardial infarction (B) is a heart attack where blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage. Heart failure (C) is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. Atrial fibrillation (D) is an irregular heartbeat that can increase the risk of stroke but is not the same as cardiac arrest.
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What is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Cardiomyopathy
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Heart failure is the correct answer because it is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. This occurs due to the heart's inability to adequately circulate blood, causing congestion and fluid retention. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. Treatment aims to improve heart function and manage symptoms.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B (Cardiomyopathy): Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure, but it is not the specific condition described in the question.
C (Myocardial infarction): Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, results from a blockage in a coronary artery causing damage to the heart muscle, but it does not directly lead to fluid buildup in the lungs and body.
D (Pulmonary edema): Pulmonary edema is a condition characterized by fluid
The nurse is caring for a client on heparin. What is the most important lab value to monitor?
- A. aPTT
- B. INR
- C. Platelet count
- D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: aPTT. This lab value is crucial for monitoring heparin therapy as it measures the effectiveness of the medication in preventing blood clots. Monitoring aPTT helps ensure the client is within the therapeutic range to prevent bleeding or clotting complications. Incorrect choices:
B: INR is used to monitor warfarin therapy, not heparin.
C: Platelet count is important, but aPTT is more directly related to heparin therapy.
D: Hemoglobin is important for assessing anemia but not specific to monitoring heparin therapy.
What is a surgical procedure to remove one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer?
- A. Lobectomy
- B. Pneumonectomy
- C. Thoracotomy
- D. Tracheostomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lobectomy. A lobectomy involves the surgical removal of one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer localized in a specific lobe. This procedure allows for targeted removal of cancerous tissue while preserving the remaining healthy lung tissue.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Pneumonectomy - This involves the complete removal of an entire lung and is not specific to removing a lobe.
C: Thoracotomy - This is a surgical incision into the chest, not specific to removing a lobe of the lung.
D: Tracheostomy - This is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the neck to insert a tube into the trachea for breathing and is not related to removing a lobe of the lung.
At 9:00 pm, you admit a 63-year-old with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to the ED. The physician is considering the use of fibrinolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, alteplase). Which information is most important to communicate to the physician?
- A. The patient was treated with alteplase about 8 months ago.
- B. The patient takes famotidine (Pepcid) for esophageal reflux.
- C. The patient has T wave inversions on the 12-lead ECG.
- D. The patient has had continuous chest pain since 1:00 pM.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Continuous chest pain indicates ongoing ischemia, making the patient a candidate for fibrinolytic therapy within the therapeutic window.
The healthcare provider is monitoring a client receiving lidocaine IV. What side effect is the healthcare provider most concerned about?
- A. Severe headache
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Seizures
- D. Tremors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Seizures. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that can cause central nervous system toxicity, leading to seizures. This is the most concerning side effect because it can be life-threatening. Severe headache (A) is not typically associated with lidocaine toxicity. Nausea and vomiting (B) are common side effects but not the most concerning. Tremors (D) can occur but are not as serious as seizures in this context.