Nokea
What is a long-term complication of cleft lip and palate?
- A. Cognitive impairment
- B. Altered growth and development
- C. Faulty dentition
- D. Physical abilities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct long-term complication of cleft lip and palate is faulty dentition. Individuals with cleft lip and palate may experience dental issues such as missing, extra, or misaligned teeth, which can affect speech and the aesthetic appearance of the mouth. Cognitive impairment, as mentioned in choice A, is not a typical long-term complication associated with cleft lip and palate. While altered growth and development (choice B) can be affected during early stages, it is not a prominent long-term complication. Choice D, physical abilities, is not directly related to the typical long-term complications of cleft lip and palate.
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Which medication is typically used for long-term control of asthma?
- A. Albuterol
- B. Theophylline
- C. Ipratropium
- D. Prednisone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Theophylline. Theophylline is commonly used for long-term control of asthma by relaxing the muscles around the airways to keep them open, making breathing easier. Albuterol (choice A) is a short-acting bronchodilator for quick relief of asthma symptoms, not for long-term control. Ipratropium (choice C) is another short-acting bronchodilator that helps open the airways but is not typically used for long-term control. Prednisone (choice D) is a corticosteroid usually used for short periods to control asthma exacerbations or flare-ups, not as a long-term control medication.
What is the primary goal in managing a child with cystic fibrosis?
- A. Increase dietary fat intake
- B. Prevent lung infections
- C. Increase physical activity
- D. Ensure high protein intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with cystic fibrosis is to prevent lung infections. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to thick mucus buildup in the lungs, which increases the risk of infections. Preventing lung infections through proper respiratory care, medications, airway clearance techniques, and vaccinations is crucial in managing cystic fibrosis. While dietary interventions like increasing dietary fat intake, ensuring high protein intake, and promoting physical activity are also important aspects of cystic fibrosis management, preventing lung infections takes precedence as it directly addresses a major complication of the condition.
What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in toddlers?
- A. Excessive thirst
- B. Frequent, painful urination
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Skin rash
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent, painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in toddlers. This symptom is often accompanied by possible fever and irritability. Excessive thirst (Choice A) is not a typical sign of a UTI in toddlers and is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes. Increased appetite (Choice C) is not a typical symptom of a UTI in toddlers either. Skin rash (Choice D) is not a common sign of a UTI but may indicate other conditions like allergies or infections.
Before publication in a reputable journal, the findings of a research study must undergo scrutiny by experts in the field in a process known as what?
- A. peer review
- B. cohort review
- C. research intervention
- D. double-blind examination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: peer review. Before publication, research findings must undergo peer review, where experts in the field evaluate the validity and significance of the study. Choice B, cohort review, is incorrect as it does not involve the same level of evaluation by experts. Choice C, research intervention, is not a term used to describe the evaluation process before publication. Choice D, double-blind examination, refers to a study design where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment, which is not the same as the peer review process.
What will the treatment for a newly admitted child with cystic fibrosis center on?
- A. Chest physiotherapy
- B. Mucus-drying agents
- C. Prevention of diarrhea
- D. Insulin therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chest physiotherapy. Treatment for cystic fibrosis focuses on chest physiotherapy and aerosol medications to manage and clear thick pulmonary secretions. Chest physiotherapy helps loosen and clear mucus from the lungs, aiding in breathing and reducing the risk of infections. Mucus-drying agents (choice B) are not typically used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis as the goal is to help clear mucus, not dry it. Prevention of diarrhea (choice C) is not a primary focus in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Insulin therapy (choice D) is not relevant to cystic fibrosis, which primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems.