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What is a major risk factor for pressure ulcers in older adults?
- A. Lack of sleep
- B. Malnutrition and dehydration
- C. Excessive physical activity
- D. High blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Malnutrition and dehydration. Malnutrition and dehydration are major risk factors for pressure ulcers in older adults because they can lead to poor skin integrity, reduced tissue resilience, and impaired wound healing. Lack of sleep (choice A) may contribute to overall health issues but is not a direct risk factor for pressure ulcers. Excessive physical activity (choice C) can increase the risk of injury but does not directly cause pressure ulcers. High blood pressure (choice D) is a risk factor for cardiovascular issues but is not specifically linked to the development of pressure ulcers.
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In the document “Recommended Baccalaureate Competencies and Curricular Guidelines for the Nursing Care of Older Adults” developed by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, recommendations include which of the following?
- A. Provision of a free-standing course in gerontology within the curriculum
- B. Integration of gerontological content throughout the curriculum
- C. Requirement of gerontological certification for all students before completion of a BSN program
- D. Structured clinical experiences with older adults across the continuum of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Integration of gerontological content throughout the curriculum. This is because integrating gerontological content throughout the curriculum ensures that nursing students are exposed to and learn about caring for older adults in various courses, rather than just in a standalone course. This approach better prepares students to provide holistic care to older adults in different clinical settings.
A: Provision of a free-standing course in gerontology within the curriculum may limit exposure to gerontological content and may not provide a comprehensive understanding of caring for older adults.
C: Requiring gerontological certification for all students before completion of a BSN program is not mentioned in the document and may not be feasible or necessary for all nursing students.
D: While structured clinical experiences with older adults across the continuum of care are essential, this alone may not ensure that students receive a comprehensive education in gerontological care if the content is not integrated throughout the curriculum.
A nurse is caring for a culturally diverse patient who has missed follow-up appointments. The patient says: “You don’t understand—in my culture, we don’t do things like that.” The nurse understands which of the following about the patient’s culture?
- A. The culture does not value Western medicine.
- B. The culture has a different orientation to time than Western medicine.
- C. The culture is an interdependent culture.
- D. The culture does not believe in preventative care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The culture has a different orientation to time than Western medicine. This is because the patient's statement about not following up on appointments due to cultural reasons suggests a difference in the perception and importance of time. In some cultures, time is more fluid and flexible compared to the rigid scheduling of Western medicine. This understanding helps the nurse provide culturally sensitive care.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: The culture does not value Western medicine - This is not necessarily implied by the patient's statement about cultural differences.
C: The culture is an interdependent culture - The patient's statement does not provide direct evidence of the culture being interdependent.
D: The culture does not believe in preventative care - There is no indication in the patient's statement that the culture does not believe in preventative care.
The holistic health movement has impacted health care in which of the following ways?
- A. It has focused health care on disease prevention.
- B. It has reshaped how health and health care are perceived.
- C. It has improved access to health care.
- D. It has introduced numerous alternative modalities into health care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the holistic health movement emphasizes treating the whole person - mind, body, and spirit. This shifts the focus from merely treating symptoms to considering individual well-being and lifestyle factors. Choice A is not the best answer because while disease prevention is part of holistic health, it is not the primary impact on health care. Choice C is incorrect as the movement does not directly improve access to health care. Choice D is also incorrect as while alternative modalities are part of holistic health, they are not the main impact on health care.
The home care nurse is visiting an older female client whose husband died 6 months ago. What behavior by the client indicates ineffective coping?
- A. Neglecting personal grooming
- B. Looking at old pictures
- C. Participating in senior citizens' program
- D. Visiting her husband's grave
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because neglecting personal grooming indicates a lack of self-care, which is a common sign of ineffective coping after the loss of a loved one. This behavior suggests the client may be struggling emotionally and unable to engage in basic self-care tasks. Looking at old pictures, participating in social activities, and visiting the husband's grave are all healthy coping mechanisms that can help the client process her grief and maintain connections with her late husband.
A nurse in a long-term care facility is using the TimeSlips program with a group of cognitively impaired older adults. The nurse is using which of the following techniques?
- A. Provides a picture for all group members to look at and use to create a story
- B. Records the responses of all participants
- C. Compliments each member for his or her contribution to the story
- D. Reads the story back during the session, noting the contributions of each participant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the TimeSlips program involves providing a picture as a creative prompt for group members to collaboratively create a story. This technique stimulates imagination and communication in cognitively impaired individuals. Choice B is incorrect as recording responses is not specific to the TimeSlips method. Choice C is incorrect as complimenting contributions is not a core component of the TimeSlips program. Choice D is incorrect as reading back the story during the session does not align with the collaborative, creative process of TimeSlips.