Nokea
What is a normal finding when assessing a patient's deep tendon reflexes?
- A. An involuntary contraction of the muscle being tested.
- B. Absence of any reflexive response.
- C. Decreased or diminished reflexes.
- D. Hyperactive reflexes with clonus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal deep tendon reflexes involve an involuntary muscle contraction in response to stimulation. Absence, diminished reflexes, or hyperactive reflexes with clonus are abnormal findings.
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An axon conducts nerve impulses _________ the cell body.
- A. away from
- B. toward
- C. both toward and away from
- D. around, bypassing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. When an action potential is generated in the cell body, it travels along the axon to the axon terminals, where neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. This unidirectional flow ensures that signals are transmitted efficiently and accurately to their intended targets.
KL is a 34-year-old male admitted to the hospital (large trauma center) after suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a serious motor vehicle accident. He was in excellent health prior to the accident. HT: 6'2" WT: 190 pounds (86 kg) What is likely the best way to feed KL while he is in the hospital?
- A. nasogastric tube
- B. nasoenteric tube
- C. parenteral nutrients
- D. baby food orally
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nasoenteric tube is often the preferred method for feeding patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who cannot safely swallow. It allows for enteral nutrition delivery directly into the small intestine, reducing the risk of aspiration compared to a nasogastric tube.
A client with multiple sclerosis is prescribed diazepam (Valium). What assessment finding indicates that the medication is effective for the client?
- A. Muscle spasticity is reduced
- B. Blood glucose level is within normal limits
- C. The client states that muscles are weak
- D. Ophthalmologic examination shows no evidence of cataracts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diazepam is a muscle relaxant used to reduce spasticity in MS. Its effectiveness is measured by the reduction in muscle stiffness and spasms.
What is the best response to a patient with a right above-the-knee amputation asking about phantom limb pain?
- A. Phantom limb pain is not explained or predicted by any one theory.
- B. Phantom limb pain occurs because your body thinks your leg is still present.
- C. Phantom limb pain will not interfere with your activities of daily living.
- D. Phantom limb pain is not real pain, but remembered pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phantom limb pain is a complex phenomenon not fully understood and requires careful explanation.
Cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve lie
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Midbrain
- C. Floor of the third ventricle
- D. Pons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is located in the pons. It controls muscles of facial expression, such as the orbicularis oculi and buccinator.