Pediatric HESI Test Bank

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what is an appropriate nursing intervention while the child with nephrotic syndrome is confined to bed?

  • A. restrain child as necessary.
  • B. change position frequently.
  • C. discourage parents from holding child.
  • D. do passive rang-of-motion exercises once a day.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: While a child with nephrotic syndrome is confined to bed, changing their position frequently is an appropriate nursing intervention to prevent complications associated with immobility. Constant pressure on certain areas of the body can lead to skin breakdown, discomfort, and decreased circulation which can exacerbate the child's condition. Changing positions frequently helps prevent these complications and promotes circulation and comfort. Restraints should only be used when necessary for the safety of the child or others, passive rang-of-motion exercises should be done more frequently than once a day to prevent contractures, and discouraging parents from holding their child can have negative emotional and psychological effects on the child's well-being.

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A client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid), 25 mcg PO daily. Which finding should the nurse recognize as an adverse effect?

  • A. Dysuria
  • B. Tachycardia
  • C. Leg cramps
  • D. Blurred vision
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism. An adverse effect of levothyroxine therapy is the development of tachycardia, which is an abnormally rapid heart rate. This is due to the increased metabolic rate resulting from the thyroid hormone replacement. Dysuria (painful urination), leg cramps, and blurred vision are not typically associated with levothyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism.

Which type of neuron transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands?

  • A. Afferent
  • B. Efferent
  • C. Affective
  • D. Effective
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Efferent neurons, also known as motor neurons, transmit impulses from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the muscles and glands in the body. These neurons are responsible for inducing muscle contraction or glandular secretion in response to signals from the brain or spinal cord. In contrast, afferent neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system to convey sensory information. Thus, the correct answer is efferent neurons.

When taking the blood pressure of a client who has AIDS the nurse must;

  • A. Wear a mask and gown
  • B. Use barrier techniques
  • C. Wash the hands thoroughly
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When taking the blood pressure of a client with AIDS, it is important for the nurse to use barrier techniques to prevent the potential transmission of infection. This includes wearing gloves to protect against exposure to blood or other bodily fluids, using disposable blood pressure cuffs and stethoscopes, and ensuring proper hand hygiene before and after the procedure. Barrier techniques help minimize the risk of cross-contamination and protect both the healthcare provider and the client from potential infections.

Other signs of hypovolemia includes all of the following except:

  • A. Dry mucous membranes and soft eyeballs
  • B. Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin
  • C. Decreased pulse rate and widened pulse pressure
  • D. Increased lethargy and confusion
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When assessing for signs of hypovolemia, dry mucous membranes and soft eyeballs are actually indicative of dehydration, not specifically hypovolemia. In hypovolemia, the body loses both fluid and electrolytes, leading to decreased circulating blood volume. Other signs of hypovolemia include increased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels due to hemoconcentration, decreased pulse rate and widened pulse pressure as compensatory mechanisms to maintain perfusion to vital organs, and increased lethargy and confusion due to impaired perfusion to the brain.

A client is undergoing a diagnostic workup for suspected thyroid cancer. What is the most common form of thyroid cancer in adults?

  • A. Follicular carcinoma
  • B. Anaplastic carcinoma
  • C. Medullary carcinoma
  • D. Papillary carcinoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of thyroid cancer in adults, accounting for approximately 80% of all thyroid cancers. It typically affects individuals in their 30s and 40s and has an excellent prognosis with high survival rates, especially when detected early. Papillary carcinoma arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland and is known for its characteristic papillary growth pattern. It often presents as a painless thyroid nodule and may be associated with a history of radiation exposure. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) followed by radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid hormone replacement.

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