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What is an important consideration regarding TPN administration?
- A. IV site is kept aseptic while infusing the solution
- B. Feeding is poured into a pouch and then infused
- C. Solution is only hung for a maximum of 8 hours at a time
- D. New formula is added as needed so the line does not run dry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Aseptic technique prevents infection at IV site.
2. TPN is a high-risk solution, requiring strict aseptic administration.
3. Contaminated site can lead to sepsis or other serious complications.
4. Choice B increases risk of contamination.
5. Choice C increases risk of bacterial growth.
6. Choice D may introduce air or contamination.
Summary:
Choice A is correct as it emphasizes infection prevention. Choices B, C, and D pose risks of contamination, bacterial growth, or air introduction.
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The nurse is preparing a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for discharge. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Exposure to sunlight will help control skin rashes.
- B. There are no activity limitations between flare-ups.
- C. Monitor body temperature
- D. Corticosteroids may be stopped when symptoms are relieved.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C: Monitoring body temperature is essential for early detection of infection or fever, which can indicate disease exacerbation in SLE clients.
A: Exposure to sunlight can worsen SLE symptoms due to photosensitivity.
B: Activity limitations are crucial to prevent flare-ups and reduce disease progression in SLE.
D: Corticosteroids should not be stopped abruptly without healthcare provider guidance to prevent symptom recurrence and adrenal insufficiency.
Which of the ff. is a normal hemoglobin value?
- A. 38% to 48%
- B. 48 to 54 mg%
- C. 12 to 18 g/100mL
- D. 27 to 36 g/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 12 to 18 g/100mL. Normal hemoglobin values typically range from 12 to 18 g/100mL in adults. This range reflects the normal concentration of hemoglobin in the blood and is commonly used as a reference range in clinical practice. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the typical normal range for hemoglobin levels. Choice A (38% to 48%) is a percentage range, not a direct measurement of hemoglobin concentration. Choice B (48 to 54 mg%) and Choice D (27 to 36 g/dL) are outside the normal range for hemoglobin levels in adults. Therefore, the most appropriate and accurate choice among the options provided is C (12 to 18 g/100mL) based on standard reference values for hemoglobin concentration in the blood.
As part of primary cancer prevention program, an oncology nurse answers questions from the public at health fair. When someone asks about the laryngeal cancer, the nurse should explain that:
- A. Laryngeal cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer
- B. Inhaling polluted air isn’t a risk factor for laryngeal cancer
- C. Laryngeal cancer occurs primarily in women
- D. Adenocarcinoma accounts for most cases of laryngeal cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Laryngeal cancer is strongly linked to smoking and alcohol consumption.
2. Both smoking and alcohol use are modifiable risk factors, meaning they can be prevented.
3. By avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing laryngeal cancer.
4. Therefore, laryngeal cancer is considered one of the most preventable types of cancer.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B. Inhaling polluted air can be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer, so this statement is inaccurate.
C. Laryngeal cancer occurs more frequently in men than women, so this statement is incorrect.
D. Squamous cell carcinoma, not adenocarcinoma, is the most common type of laryngeal cancer, making this statement incorrect.
A guest who is diabetic attended a bridal affair. The guest started to tremble and started to feel dizzy. Luckily a nurse is present. The best action for the nurse to take is to:
- A. encourages the guest to eat some
- B. call the guest’s personal hygiene
- C. offer the guest a peppermint
- D. give the guest a glass of orange juice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: give the guest a glass of orange juice. This is the best action because the guest is likely experiencing hypoglycemia due to being diabetic. Orange juice contains fast-acting sugar that can quickly raise blood sugar levels. Encouraging the guest to eat some (choice A) may take longer to have an effect. Calling the guest's personal hygiene (choice B) is irrelevant to the situation. Offering the guest a peppermint (choice C) will not effectively raise blood sugar levels.
A client with HIV has been prescribed anti viral medications. What instructions related to administration of medications should the nurse give such a client?
- A. Comply with the timing of antiviral medication around meals
- B. Avoid exposure to harsh sunlight for about 2hrs after taking the medication
- C. Have the medications with plenty of fruit juice
- D. Have an increased dose of the medications if the symptoms worsen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Timing: Antiviral medications should be taken as prescribed to maintain consistent drug levels in the body.
2. Around meals: Taking medications with or without food can affect absorption, so timing around meals helps with consistency.
3. Compliance: Following the timing instructions increases medication effectiveness and reduces the risk of drug resistance.
Other Choices:
B) Avoiding harsh sunlight: Not directly related to medication administration; may be a precaution for other reasons.
C) Having medications with fruit juice: This is not a standard instruction for antiviral medications; may not be suitable for all medications.
D) Increasing dose for worsening symptoms: This is dangerous and should only be done under healthcare provider supervision; self-adjusting medication doses can be harmful.