Nokea
What is an important dietary consideration for a child with renal failure?
- A. Low-protein, low-sodium diet
- B. High-protein, high-sodium diet
- C. Increased calcium intake
- D. High-fiber diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low-protein, low-sodium diet is crucial for a child with renal failure because it helps reduce the workload on the kidneys and minimize complications. High-protein and high-sodium diets can place excessive strain on the kidneys and worsen the condition. Increased calcium intake is not typically a primary consideration for renal failure in children. While a high-fiber diet can be beneficial for overall health, it is not a specific priority for managing renal failure in children.
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Your friend Carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and tells you that she feels a lot better. Her statement to you is best described as what?
- A. an anecdote
- B. theory
- C. interpretation
- D. conclusion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'an anecdote.' An anecdote is a personal account or experience, not necessarily backed by scientific evidence. In this case, Carrie's statement about feeling better after taking vitamin C is based on her personal experience and does not constitute scientific evidence or a generalizable conclusion. Choice B, 'theory,' would imply a systematic explanation based on scientific evidence, which is not the case here. Choice C, 'interpretation,' typically involves explaining or understanding something based on available information, not a personal account. Choice D, 'conclusion,' would be a general statement derived from specific information or facts, which is not applicable in this context.
Approximately how many milliliters are contained in a half-cup of milk?
- A. 50
- B. 85
- C. 120
- D. 170
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A half-cup of milk is equivalent to approximately 120 milliliters. This conversion is standard and commonly used in cooking and baking. Choice A (50 milliliters) is too low for a half-cup measurement. Choice B (85 milliliters) is also lower than the standard half-cup measurement of 120 milliliters. Choice D (170 milliliters) is too high for a half-cup, making it an incorrect option.
What is a common side effect of the antibiotic tetracycline in children?
- A. Discoloration of teeth
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Elevated blood glucose levels
- D. Decreased bone density
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discoloration of teeth is a well-known side effect of tetracycline, especially when administered to children below 8 years of age. Tetracycline can bind to calcium ions in developing teeth, causing them to become discolored and appear yellow or brown. Increased appetite, elevated blood glucose levels, and decreased bone density are not commonly associated with the use of tetracycline in children, making them incorrect choices.
What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?
- A. 10 grams
- B. 15 grams
- C. 20 grams
- D. 25 grams
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The recommended daily intake of fiber for adults is 25 grams. Fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health, preventing constipation, and aiding in weight management. Options A (10 grams), B (15 grams), and C (20 grams) are incorrect as they are below the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults, which is 25 grams.
What is an essential part of care for a child with asthma during an acute episode?
- A. Administer a bronchodilator
- B. Provide high doses of steroids
- C. Increase fluid intake
- D. Restrict all physical activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator is an essential part of caring for a child with asthma during an acute episode because it helps to open airways and relieve acute asthma symptoms effectively. Providing high doses of steroids (Choice B) is typically done in severe cases or when other treatments fail. Increasing fluid intake (Choice C) can be beneficial to prevent dehydration, but it is not the primary intervention during an acute asthma episode. Restricting all physical activity (Choice D) is not recommended as some physical activity may help improve lung function and overall well-being.